Classes for children 4 years old should be developmental and prepare the child for entering school, teach the child to read and write, develop his abilities and knowledge of the world around him. Experts say that at 4 years old it is already possible to sit a child at the table and study according to manuals for preschoolers. But in practice, a child will not sit for more than 15–20 minutes at a developmental notebook or book - this is the time that each task from such manuals is designed for. There are, of course, children who can sit with developmental notebooks and study with enthusiasm for 30 minutes. But when a child doesn’t want to, there is no need to force him. A 4-year-old child is very active, he is interested in running, jumping, playing with toys, and your task is to develop him through play.
How to teach a child through the game in which he spends most of his time? Let's look at: how to turn games into educational activities for 4-year-old children, what toys and materials will help you with this; What educational notebooks and books do children enjoy studying with?
What and how to develop in classes with children aged 4 years
- Fine motor skills, sensory skills. Model from plasticine, clay; assemble the constructor; make crafts from natural materials and cereals; weave from ropes and elastic bands; plant beads; draw with sand, sculpt from it; paint and draw with pencils and brushes, using different hands and holding the tool in different ways, making different strokes.
- Logic, thinking. Play board games for children (lotto, dominoes, go through mazes); solve riddles; play “What happens if...? (the ball will fall into the water, it will rain, etc.)"
- Attention, memory. Ask questions, for example, about what the child saw on the street when he was walking - “What color was that dog, who did you meet on the playground, what was he wearing, what color, etc.”; ask to talk about a story from a book you just read; collect construction blocks from memory, draw from memory; play reverse cards with pictures that the child must remember, etc.
- Grammar. Learn letters and names of objects starting with this letter in game form. When learning letters, you can simultaneously begin to study simple syllables.
- Arithmetic. Learn numbers and counting, addition and subtraction of simple numbers in a playful way.
- Speech development. Learn rhymes. During the game, ask the child to tell, offering him different items and objects: “What kind of object does he see in front of him? What is he doing? What is it for?
- Fantasy and creative skills. Draw; sculpt; assemble the constructor; do crafts; be sure to learn songs and sing with the children; dance to music, learn joint dances; come up with puppet shows, improvise with the plot.
- Physical skills. Dance, with ribbon, sword; play Twister and other outdoor games; do children's yoga; walk on bicycles and scooters, play outdoor games.
- Knowledge of the surrounding world. Study the time on the clock; seasons and months; weather features; animals and where they live; urban and natural sites; forms; textures; smells; colors, etc.
What should a 4 year old child know?
If your child doesn’t know yet, start learning:
- Directions (left, right, up, down, etc.).
- Colors.
- Forms.
- Types of animals.
- Transport.
- Plants and natural objects.
- City objects.
- State of nature and weather.
- Properties of objects and objects and their application (this is how you will develop the child’s vocabulary and speech as a whole).
- City sounds, sounds of nature, animals, etc.
- Smells.
Required additional activities for children aged 4 years
- Solving riddles.
- Reading with mom.
- Physical exercises (on a fitball, with a tape, a bicycle, a scooter, a ball and other games that develop the child’s physics).
- Applied arts (drawing with brushes and pencils using different hands and holding the instrument in different ways, modeling, applique, weaving)
We have already written articles on the topics - read in more detail by following the links with the skills you need.
Activities for children aged 4 years using benefits
It is better to buy all manuals, books and notebooks in bookstores, rather than download them from the Internet and print them on a home printer. On the Internet you will not find material of decent quality, and when printed on a home printer it will deteriorate even more - you cannot offer this to children, you risk ruining all the fun of the lesson. But even in a bookstore, you need to choose with special care, so that the book is compiled by progressive specialists, the tasks are clear and interesting to the child, and the pictures awaken additional interest in the lessons.
- Manual “Annual course of developmental activities (for gifted children 4-5 years old)” includes a full annual course of developmental classes for children 4-5 years old in the main areas preschool education: literacy, mathematics, preparing the hand for writing, getting to know the outside world, developing speech, logic, attention, imagination.
- Set of 7 manuals “School of Little Geniuses. For 4-5 years old"- This comprehensive program classes covering all areas of child development and education and corresponding to the Federal State Standard for Preschool Education. Each kit contains methodological material, to prepare the child for school and general development. Each book contains entertaining educational tasks, exercises and games.
- Manual “Annual course of studies. For children 4-5 years old" contains the main topics of preschool education, with pictures of the child's favorite multiplex characters.
What to look for when choosing developmental aids, books, workbooks with tasks for children 4 years old:
- Almost all manuals with tasks are designed for a certain age and it is indicated on the cover - select by age.
- Activities for children for 4 years old must correspond not only to their age, but also to their abilities - the child must solve all the tasks assigned to him without making excessive efforts, otherwise he will need to move on to easier tasks, and there is nothing wrong with that. This way you will maintain your child’s interest in classes without discouraging the desire to learn.
- Choose professional authors who compile manuals; usually their experience and qualifications are described in the manual itself - the author must have a specialty and considerable experience in teaching preschoolers.
- Choose manuals with high-quality illustrations - this is very important for children. Illustrations should be: colored in calm colors, consistent with the original objects, without excessive brightness; aesthetic, kind and sweet; understandable for a 4-year-old child, with the basic features of identifying objects (the hare should look like a hare); depict adequate emotions, gestures and movements; images must correspond to the text and be consistent; There should be air around the images (white background) for better perception.
- Manual “Logic and Thinking”
- The manual “Getting ready for school. Learning numbers and shapes. For children 4-5 years old"
- The manual “Magic labyrinths. For children 4-6 years old"
- “Learning to tell time. An hour and half an hour. For children 3-5 years old"
- And other benefits from the KUMON training center"
How to study with benefits
Classes on manuals, at the initial stage, should take 15–20 minutes. Four year old child unable to sit for more than this time, and should not be forced. Choose those tasks from the manual that the child is more likely to be interested in, unless a clear sequence of tasks is recommended. Don’t forget that it is important to do everything with pleasure, praise your child for completing a task correctly, and not scold him if something doesn’t work out. Remember that these rules are important, especially if you want your child to study well and with interest in the future.
The manuals contain activities for children aged 4 years:
- on the development of logic and thinking;
- attention and memory training;
- imagination and creative skills;
- training fine motor skills of the hands;
- literacy tasks;
- arithmetic tasks;
- tasks for speech development;
- introducing the child to ideas about the world around him.
There are manuals for each of the areas separately, and there are those that contain all the necessary categories, which is quite convenient.
Educational activities for children 4 years old in a playful way
The child is constantly in the game; parents only need to include the educational aspect in the game. Almost all games can be turned into educational activities for children 4 years old and older. And almost all toys can become educational material.
Constructors
Construction sets come first among educational toys. The construction set is a toy without gender division, as was previously thought, it will be equally interesting to both boys and girls. It is advisable to choose sets not only with different blocks, but also with characters, auxiliary items and objects. There are construction kits with the alphabet printed for learning letters; there are numbers and addition and subtraction signs; also constructors introducing children to the world around them, animals different countries and continents, seasons, professions. For example, “Lego Duplo” - in this series the parts are quite large, there are sets for the little ones from 1 year, and there are from 2-5 years. The following series of the designer come from 3 years of Lego Classic - the parts are smaller in it and there are more of them in the sets. You can choose separate series for boys and girls.
Games with a constructor, we develop:
Fantasy and speech skills
Ask your child questions while playing, let him imagine what will happen next. Let's give the task to come up with a new figure from the designer, it is not necessary to assemble only according to the diagrams. Act out scenes with the characters of the designer, come up with names for them, activities, where they will live, who they will be friends with.
Logic
Just build from blocks, with or without diagrams, create your own schemes. Draw a shape, the boundaries of an object or a letter on a piece of paper with a marker, and let the child put it together from blocks. Set boundaries for colors and shapes. Cubes can be used different ways, even laying out patterns on the floor. You can write numbers and letters on the cubes and stick small stickers on them; then give the child tasks: to put together such cubes with images according to some characteristics or meaning. Build a labyrinth out of cubes, ask the child to go through it on his own, ask him to build a labyrinth for you.
fine motor skills
The smaller the parts, the more quickly the child learns to handle them, developing his fine motor skills.
Attention and memory
By assembling the construction set according to the diagram attached to it, the child learns to follow it carefully. There are a lot of separate books with new patterns for the Lego constructor, which can be purchased additionally in bookstores. You can draw up your own diagrams, sketch them, make your own catalog - isn’t that an interesting project? You can also use these skills during the game itself, for example, by giving the task to collect from memory, as before, all the cars of a collided and crumbled train, etc.
Grammar
You can use a marker to write the letters of the Russian alphabet on the cubes, or stick stickers with letters and other images on the cubes, which you can also do with your child. These little stickers are sold in bookstores for planners. With the help of such prepared blocks, you can teach a child: asking you to select a letter to the desired image, putting the letters into syllables by connecting the blocks. You can build from the blocks themselves printed letters, having previously drawn a diagram on a piece of paper. You can use blocks with letters and other images along with educational notebooks and books to make your learning more interactive and interesting.
Counting, addition and subtraction
Use number blocks and addition and subtraction signs that you can prepare with your children as described above. Or, for example, play a construction game: ask for a certain number of blocks of a certain color to be delivered to you, then add a few more of a different color, and stuff like that. The child perfects his counting in such interesting games.
Speech development
Use cubes with stickers depicting various objects - this way you can play store with characters, asking the child, in the role of a consultant, what he will recommend and why. Help him by introducing new words and let him use them in his explanations. Provoke your child to comment on the actions in the game - ask guiding questions. Learn to structure sentences correctly: by playing, for example, on a tourist excursion or in a train station, announcing the necessary announcements for train passengers.
Pros and cons of the designer
Pros of the designer: If you use your imagination, the designer is very multifunctional toy, with it you can come up with a lot of educational activities for children of 4 years and almost any preschool age, besides, it’s so interesting.
Disadvantages of the designer: Many parents complain about small parts scattered throughout the house. However, this can be dealt with: build a special play mat for the construction set; which is pulled into a bag, collecting all the parts, at the end of the game.
Parents also note that their child assembles construction sets only according to diagrams without showing imagination. There is a solution here too - buy classic Lego Classic blocks, they are designed so that the child will come up with figures and games on his own.
Board games are very popular today. This is not only educational activities for children aged 4 years, but also a fun time with parents and friends, the joy of winning, and training in an adequate attitude in case of loss. Board games are developed using different ages child, for preschoolers this could be: puzzles for learning the alphabet; dominoes with images, numbers and letters; different tricks with simple rules; or card games with beautiful illustrations. All this can be found in toy stores.
- Good educational games for preschool children are published by the publishing house LISCIANI; you can choose individual games for the development of any skill or sets.
- Another good manufacturer educational games - Miniland. The games are intended for the development and education of preschool children.
- And of course, the quite popular “Tenth Kingdom” produces a very large assortment of educational and educational games for children, with their favorite cartoon characters, for children of different ages.
- When looking for a game to develop a specific skill (learning letters, writing, reading, counting), consider all publishers of educational children's games. The choice is large, but you can find almost everything you need for educational activities with children.
Pros of children's board games: Such games are built according to a ready-made plot (rules invented by the developers); you do not need to come up with tasks yourself, as with a construction set.
Cons of board games: They have limited functionality and are almost always limited by instructions.
Favorite toys
Any children's toys can become educational activities for children aged 4 years, here it is the same as with a construction set - the main thing is to show your imagination.
Some ideas for playful activities for boys
If your child loves cars, you can stick letters or numbers on them and make a parking lot for them. For each parking space, stick or draw an image whose name begins with the letter pasted on the car. Or paste the number of images that are written in numbers on the typewriter. Stick addition, subtraction, and even signs on the cars - and you can solve examples while driving around the playing field (track).
On whatman paper you can draw a route with cities, forests, natural and architectural places, you can even depict weather. When driving along such a highway, study the directions with your child (left, right, up, down); develop your speech by asking questions - “What happens if you turn left, where will you arrive? What can you do there?"; draw route maps so that the child follows them to reach the desired destination, this way he will train attentiveness.
Show your imagination and come up with your own games and tasks, in them you can develop and learn everything that teachers teach children 4 years old in preschool institutions.
Several ideas for playful activities for girls
Almost all girls love either dolls or toy animals - and there is a huge scope for imagination. You can also learn the alphabet with dolls and animals by sticking letters on them; Give candy to the dolls, let the dolls share with each other, count how many candies the dolls have under different conditions, etc.
Dolls and animals are great tools for role-playing games. We play shop (we study addition and subtraction, letters, how to write the names of products, develop speech and thinking). We play theater (we develop imagination, speech, logic, memory, thinking) - we come up with short scenes, characters, names, memorize short poems; you can take a fairy tale from a children's book and stage it puppet show with toys based on the book.
Even a simple role-playing game of improvisation will help develop all the necessary skills - ask the child as many questions as possible about the environment, talk about what he does not yet know.
The benefits of educational activities with your favorite toys: The child is already immersed in games with his favorite toys; offer new scenarios in his game - interest in the activities is guaranteed.
Minuses: You will have to actively show your imagination, developing a scenario for developmental activities, preparing additional materials (printouts of letters, numbers, cards with additional items). Although all these additional materials can be bought at a children's or bookstore.
Available materials
Perhaps the most creative educational activities for children aged 4 years are crafts made from scrap materials. A variety of projects can be created from: natural materials, cereals, empty packaging, household items, paper and special materials for creativity.
Start with what you want to do (what task is ahead of you: learn letters, develop fine motor skills, etc.), what specific available tools are suitable for this, how to reliably glue or connect them - you need to show so much ingenuity. If you want to grow a creative personality, then more often resort to games made from improvised and natural materials.
Cereals and other small bulk objects (we develop motor skills and sensory skills)
Cereals can be sewn into toys made of thin fabric.
Flour can be placed in an inflatable ball, deflated and tied in a knot - the ball will hold its given shape well. You can additionally decorate it with plastic eyes and attach hair (a thread tassel).
You can draw with grains and sand by placing them on a tray or gluing them to a sheet of paper.
By pouring cereal or sand into a box, you can make a playing field (beach, construction site, garden) for a child to play.
Paper
Children's origami, the simplest, can be done by a child as young as 4 years old.
Applique: You can help your child by drawing simple shapes, let him cut them out with children's scissors and glue them himself.
You can cut out any objects for learning from paper, make educational notebooks with elements of appliqué and drawing (a doll's house, a track for cars with different locations, a forest, a city, a store, etc.) Use ready-made stickers in such notebooks, children love them very much .
Tubes, toothpicks
Cut tubes or use matches to fold an applique or build a house, use glue.
You can make a chain from the short parts of the tubes, connecting one end to the other.
You can make a hedgehog or a porcupine from a toothpick and potatoes.
You can build a helicopter from tubes, thick paper and a toilet paper roll, then paint it with acrylic paints.
Natural materials (cones, twigs, pebbles, acorns...)
From all this goodness you can get a lot of crafts of animals, birds, and people. Use plastic eyes, bright threads and colored paper.
Large smooth stones can be painted and turned into fancy creatures by attaching eyes and rope tails to them.
Threads and balls
Remember, you probably made dolls and animals from pompoms out of strings.
Threads can be woven and tied to mesh fabric to create intricate patterns.
And these are just a few of the ideas that can be developed using available materials. Lesson principle: lay it out in front of the child necessary materials Having given the direction, offer to make a craft using a little ingenuity. Guide your child, offer your ideas if he is at a dead end. A child, coming up with and bringing such ideas to life, develops not only creative skills, he learns logic and non-standard thinking. And be sure to accompany your classes with guiding questions, counting, writing letters or numbers, come up with names, stories, study everything that comes to your hand.
Daily routine
And don’t forget that your educational play can be used to benefit the household and develop independence in the child. Which household can you trust a child?
Cleaning. Think in advance about each place (house) for toys, where they will live when they are not playing with them. By the end of the game you will need to send the toy to rest (go home to sleep). And be sure to follow up with leading questions - “What will your black fluffy bear cub do at home before going to bed? Place a (toy) piece of fruit next to him for him to eat before bed. What fruit will you put in? What colour is he? Maybe put another one, how much fruit will the bear have then?” etc. Each item can be assigned a place (house) to which it must return to rest, otherwise it will become wrinkled, dirty (dusty), or lost.
Loading washing machine and dishwashers. This is also a kind of quest for a child - to sort all things by color, texture, shape and purpose, set a program, there are numbers and letters that need to be remembered until next time. Children really like to press buttons, let them do it under supervision, - “I’ll check for you so that you don’t forget anything, otherwise you can break it...” - and then explain that - “When the program is running, you can no longer break it by pressing buttons, like and you can’t press it just like that, because it might break and flood your neighbors and us...” Be sure to accompany all actions with detailed explanations. Trust to load the dishes in a certain order, put one piece of dishes next to another of the same kind, set the program, etc.
Cooking. It’s a creative process, but you need to stick to the recipe, study new ingredients, their smells and tastes, and keep count. Trust your child to add to a recipe, explore and learn about ingredients, mix, arrange, decorate, keep track of time - anything he can help with in cooking that will broaden his horizons and be appropriate for his age.
Important rules for stimulating a child's cognitive development!
Remember that classes for children 4 years old should not be done alone, the child should not sit and complete the tasks given by you alone, he constantly needs to be directed and involved, praised, shown interest in his decisions, igniting his enthusiasm - this is the only way he will show interest in classes.
Do not prohibit anything that does not pose a danger to the child - you risk raising him to be passive. But be sure to explain why he can’t, what danger it is, what consequences his actions may have, and if possible, show why this shouldn’t be done. If it’s too early for him to use an item because he might damage it or get hurt, explain this to him in more detail. Otherwise, the child must explore this world, and you must guide him in this, help and make sure that everything goes safely. The world can also react to the child’s actions; your task is to either explain the options to the child, but it is better for the child to learn this from his own experience.
we already wrote in our previous article. This article may be useful to you.
When working with your child on his development, it is important to remember a few basic rules:
The first and very important thing is to communicate with your child as much as possible, ask him leading questions. Answer his constant questions as fully as possible, with patience and enthusiasm, to maintain his interest in cognitive development.
And second, no less important - try new things!
A child's leisure time should be useful and interesting, but the problem is that not all parents can or want to make it just that way. In fact, four-year-old children require more attention than even infants. On the one hand, they no longer need to regularly warm up bottles of food and change diapers, but on the other hand, they need to be constantly engaged and played with. Without this, the full development of the child and the establishment of trusting, close relationships between the child and parents are unthinkable.
The baby is still full of energy and strength in the first half of the day, so it is better to conduct training sessions at this time. These include decorating pictures, modeling from plasticine, working with appliqués, and cutting out simple figures. To keep your child interested in the process, you need to approach it creatively and come up with original tasks. Ingenuity and imagination can be perfectly developed with the help of pyramids, puzzles, construction sets and other “collective” toys. Although it will be interesting for the baby to assemble something with his own hands, the participation of mom or dad will make this process much more fun.
Children at the age of 4 already begin to realize their gender identity. The girl strives to copy her mother’s behavior, and the boy probably wants to become as strong as his father. Thanks to this age characteristics an inexhaustible source of entertainment opens up for kids role-playing games.There are a huge number of them: a store, a hospital, daughters and mothers, a hairdresser, a game of builders. With the help of such variety, you can captivate even a 4-year-old hyperactive child.
Drawing
Not all boys are drawn to drawing, but even such boys may certainly be interested in drawing with charcoal. First you need to take care of your workspace so that the whole apartment doesn’t turn black. Another option is to offer the baby whatman paper and paints and let him draw on it - either with his hands or with his feet.
Girls at the age of 4 draw quite well, both with pencils and felt-tip pens, and with paints. Even if a child does not like to draw too much, then if you give him a piece of old wallpaper, a large brush and paints, he will certainly become interested in this activity.
There are other exciting options:
- Previously, stencils were produced for drawing numbers, letters or geometric shapes , which were often used when designing, for example, school wall newspapers. They can serve well when working with 4-year-old children. You can trace various shapes using them and then color them. You can do it differently - download letters, geometric shapes or animal figures from the Internet, print them, transfer them to cardboard, cut them out - and you’ll get a wonderful stencil.
- You can show your child how to draw the outline of your hand on paper.. He will probably be interested in this process, so he will switch to it for a long time - if only there was blank paper!
- Using carbon paper. Not long ago there were no photocopiers, and people used carbon copies instead. Now, of course, such a rarity is difficult to find, but if it is possible, it will be a great joy for the child, as soon as he is shown how to use it correctly.
- Everyone knows how important it is to develop fine motor skills in children., and such skills can be perfectly developed through drawing. You can combine this with a trick: put a coin under a sheet of paper and start shading the paper with a pencil on top. All the details depicted on the coin will immediately appear, which can then be cut out and used as “paper money”.
- The simplest option- download coloring pages from the web and invite the child to bring them “to condition” with the help of paints. You can also download all kinds of labyrinths from the Internet.
- Method of drawing by points It will be especially attractive to children for whom drawing is difficult. Here they only need to connect the dots until they get the correct drawing.
Useful literature for 4 year olds
It is important for parents to instill in their child the basics of social behavior from a young age. For this purpose, it is best to choose educational books. At the age of 4, a child learns to contact the world, so it is advisable that he does this correctly from the beginning.
You can start with books containing instructive stories with a conclusion at the end of each. Using the example of book characters, the child will get acquainted with the wisdom of life: how to behave with peers, with adults, how to make acquaintances, what to be wary of, here he will learn the rules of behavior in kindergarten. An important educational point in such books is the emphasis on morality in each plot.
When choosing poems for 4-year-old children, it is important to pay attention to the authors. Samuel Marshak and Korney Chukovsky wrote excellent poems for such children. They will be interested in the story with the Kid and Carlson or the adventures of the heroes from Prostokvashino, as well as folk tales from different countries. After each story or poem read, it is important to analyze what was read together and make sure that the child understood it. At school, the ability to clearly formulate his opinion will greatly help him.
You need to notice which fairy tales your child likes best, and then select similar ones. It is desirable that there be more illustrations - it will be more interesting for the child, and he will remember more, since visual information is easier for him to assimilate.
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Educational programs and cartoons on the tablet
A modern way to entertain a child is to turn on educational programs or cartoons on his tablet. Now there are special channels showing educational cartoons. It is only important to choose the right program appropriate for the child’s age. But you need to remember that playing for a long time with a tablet or watching TV dissipates children's attention, can disrupt your baby's sleep and cause aggressive behavior. Therefore, a cartoon session should not last more than 15-20 minutes.
Unfortunately, many modern cartoons are sloppy and contain a lot of violence, so adults need to check them first before showing them to a 4-year-old child. In this regard, kind and instructive Soviet cartoons are ideal. They emphasize the value of kindness and friendship, the desire to help loved ones, and they teach to look for positive moments in any situation. After all, Disney has very good cartoons for 4-year-olds (especially the old ones). They always have beautiful graphics, bright characters, and a lot of simple, catchy music and songs.
Those who want their child to know a foreign language can use online games to learn a language. For example, a picture of some object is shown there, and its name is voice-over in Russian and a foreign language. Even by playing such games for no more than 15 minutes a day, a child can learn several dozen foreign words in a few months.Mom's assistant
Many 4-year-old toddlers are happy to help their mother in the kitchen, and they should not be denied this. After all, even for their clumsy fingers, you can always find something feasible to do here: cut ripe bananas with a dull table knife (not a sharp kitchen knife), wash apples in a basin, beat eggs for an omelet, roll out and knead the dough (at least try it). But, having handed the child even seemingly safe kitchen utensils, parents should closely monitor him, not leaving the baby alone. Moreover, you should not leave your child near a boiling pan; such negligence can be too expensive!
Not every mother will trust her 4-year-old child with cooking, but she should just allow him to play next to him! You can give your baby a saucepan, a spoon, plastic plate and let him "cook dinner". At this age, children are incredibly fascinated by role-playing games. Using the same scenario, you can organize other activities: clearing dishes from the table in a playful way, sorting clean things in the closet - if only mom had enough imagination!
If the baby is interested, he can be involved in homework. The girl will act as her mother’s main assistant, and the boy will become his father’s irreplaceable, dexterous and strong apprentice, without whom he, of course, cannot cope. It would hardly be wise to trust a 4-year-old to wash mirrors or vacuum cleaner, but he is quite capable of sorting socks, putting away his toys, or dusting the bottom shelves.Creative activities
Collage of cereals
You can easily interest your baby in an unusual and exciting activity: make a three-dimensional toy or collage, decorated in a “kitchen style” with beans, pasta, bottle caps, etc. The basis can be a sheet of colored cardboard, onto which the baby can glue PVA glue in a certain sequence. figures or landscape elements. Using a similar principle, you can make voluminous toys, but then the cardboard figure will have to be cut out.
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Origami
The girls are good at cutting out simple figures from paper. Many people like to fold origami, although parents must first show their daughter how to do it. You can cut out various figures from colored paper or newspaper, give the baby a glue stick - let her make appliqués. At the age of 4, children can already be taught to cut out the simplest geometric shapes: triangle, rectangle, circle.
Plasticine
Modern plasticine is an excellent tool for organizing exciting children's leisure. It is soft, has many colors and shades. This plasticine does not need to be crushed in your hands for a long time. There is also floating plasticine containing foam balls. You can even take boats and other crafts from it with you to the bath.
If a child willingly plays with plasticine, but is not interested in modeling from it, then for such a child you can roll multi-colored sausages from it and invite him to cut them with a plastic plasticine knife.Puzzles and mosaics
Puzzles also have an excellent developmental effect on logical thinking and attention. For a child, it is better to buy a bright puzzle with the image of a fairy-tale character, so that it is easier and more interesting for him to assemble it.
Some kids can be captivated by mosaics for hours, while others will get bored within 10 minutes. In any case, it’s worth trying, so it won’t hurt at home.Fun with a hole punch
If you offer your baby a stack of old magazines and a hole punch, he will begin to punch the paper with interest. But you will have to watch the baby with a hole punch in his hands so that it does not transfer from the paper to the tissues surrounding him.
Toys
At 4 years old, boys love to play with construction sets, cars, robots, soldiers, and build towns, garages and roads. It is better to buy several different sets so that the baby can show his imagination, develop thinking, imagination and creativity.
Kinetic sand
If parents are too busy, they can let their child play with kinetic sand, which will distract him for a long time.
Active fun
Tennis for children
To develop your baby's coordination of movements, it is useful to buy him a small tennis racket with a ball tied to a string. The toy is very compact, and the ball will not fly far.
Home wigwam
Make a “house” out of pillows and blankets and send your baby in there with a flashlight - such a “cave” will surely delight him.
Stickers
You can buy a pack of children's stickers in the store and show your child how they can be pasted into a notebook or album. True, starting with a notebook, children usually get so carried away that they begin to cover everything: furniture, mirrors, walls.
Magnifier
If there is a magnifying glass in the house, then you can show it to the child and demonstrate its effect. The baby will begin to look at a wide variety of objects with great interest.
A four-year-old child is already quite old; he looks at the world in his own way, looking for himself and his place in it. He has already passed a certain stage of development and can do a lot. It’s difficult to evaluate a baby’s progress over the course of a year like before. He grew up, stretched out, became more agile and concentrated. If you observe four-year-old children from the outside, you will notice that some of them are more active, courageous, creative, ready for new games, activities and discoveries. Others are constrained, indecisive, silently standing on the sidelines, waiting.
These are partly manifestations of the child's personal character. But in many ways, the child’s behavior and inner confidence depend on the variety of activities, his range of interests and lifestyle. Right now it is important not to miss the moment, not to let everything take its course and give your child everything he needs for a harmonious and proper development.
4 years old is the best age for interesting activities
Most children by the age of four become calmer, more diligent, they are ready to spend more time at home, they are interested in cartoons and their first computer games. The most important aspect proper child development - physical activity. This period is good for elementary lessons in sports sections, development clubs. If you haven’t enrolled your child anywhere yet, just try to walk with him more, let the child play in the yard or in the park with his peers.
From a psychological point of view, this period is very important for the development of a child. He becomes more sensitive and vulnerable, he perceives his failures very keenly, as well as any criticism. Children, who are natural leaders, are extremely sensitive to any losses; they need to be first at any cost. Various negative emotions may appear: sharp reactions, or, conversely, sadness, depressive notes.
Parents should be especially attentive to their children. Try to encourage and praise more often than criticize, pay more attention to the child’s successes, encourage improvement and try to be better. Communication with parents plays an important role; it is important to gain the trust of your child.
Activities with a 4-year-old child: new ideas and traditional methods
The development of children at the age of four includes all the same areas as before:
- Development of logical thinking, attention, memory;
- Physical development;
- Ability to work in a team, communication skills;
- , improving pronunciation and vocabulary;
- Knowledge of the world and its patterns, study of the laws of nature and society;
- Creative thinking, development of imagination and abstract thinking;
- Basics of mathematics, grammar, writing and reading.
New interesting activities and ideas are being added to this list. The child’s experiences become more complex and intense; he tries to “try on” different roles, professions, and emotions. It’s good to show your child another side of life at this time - culture. Puppet theater, music, dancing - you need to show your child as much as possible.
In addition, at this age, the baby can already safely learn foreign languages. At the same time, the level of classes remains easy, relaxed, and playful.
To develop thinking, memory, and logic, you can use the same problems and games that are already familiar to your baby, but make them more difficult:
- “continue the chain”;
- "find a pair";
- “excluding unnecessary things”;
- “fold the pattern”;
- “find identical objects”;
- comparison problems (from small to large, from low to high, etc.).
Also good are tasks that require an understanding of position in space (in front, behind, in front and above, inside and outside, etc.), the concept of time, time of day or year. Construction sets, puzzles and other similar toys become simply irreplaceable at this age.
Classes for 3 year old children for speech development
The task of parents is not just to teach the child to speak correctly, but also to expand his vocabulary, as well as the skills to form complex sentences, questions, theses, explain processes and events, and describe them. One of the universal ways to develop a child is reading. Read to your child more, and then discuss the text; the child should be able to retell it.
Other interesting puzzles related to speech development:
- “reduce and increase” (you say, for example, “hare”, and the baby says “bunny”, “hare”);
- “name it in one word” (you describe the object, and the child names it);
- “who needs what” (example: a janitor - a broom, a doctor - a white coat);
- “how do you know that...” (ask your child questions like: “How do you know that it’s night? How do you know if it’s cold outside?”);
- “part-whole” (you name an object, for example, a car. The child tells what it consists of).
Activities for the development of hand motor skills, creative work
Creative activities are the most interesting and multifaceted. Classic types of such activities: modeling, drawing, appliqué. You can complement them, make them more diverse, unusual, bright. What else can you do with children:
- from scrap materials (buttons, yogurt boxes, ice cream sticks);
- Work with natural material(and cones, straws, flowers, and acorns);
- Culinary arts (simple cookies of original shape, decorations for salads, sandwiches, sweet dishes);
- Home theater.
Teaching reading and foreign languages
4 years is still plenty early age for such activities. But if the child shows interest, asks what kind of letter it is, and is happy to repeat words after you in a foreign language, you can do such activities now. Teaching reading is carried out using different methods. The most popular of them are fusion syllables (children remember how syllables are written: “ba”, “ma”, “mu”, “ra”, etc.), and syllable-by-syllable reading.
Concerning foreign languages, then at this stage this is only oral work; you can use pictures on which objects are written in large letters, but do not teach them. You can arrange activities in the form of a game, active activities, during which you repeat actions (“run”, “jump”, “laugh”, “up and down”, etc.).
Activities for a 3 year old child to explore the world
Spend more time with your children, go for walks, answer all their thousands of “why?” This is the main way for a baby to explore the world and himself. Classes can be conducted with special picture cards and books. Study birds and animals, nature, city life, colors and shades.
Features and rules for conducting classes with children aged 4 years
Classes with children at the age of four are already full-fledged, intense, and have a more serious form. But the limits and boundaries that should be set should be moderate. It is important that the child understands when a fun and spontaneous game ends and an exciting lesson begins. But at the same time, there is no need to set strict time limits (at least 30 minutes and that’s all, even if the child is inattentive and passive), limit the tasks strictly to the topic that you have outlined for yourself.
Play as a way to interest a child no longer has such importance, but maintaining a light form of play is worthwhile in some cases: when studying new subjects (for example, English language), for collective assignments, to consolidate material.
It is better to play using the theme of the lesson at the end of the lesson, and first try to interest the baby. This can be done in different ways: say what a great guy he is, that he works like an adult (all children want to appear older); encourage with a possible prize (“when you manage to put together a construction set yourself, I’ll buy you something”). An excellent solution is to record the baby’s successes and come up with awards or medals.
Main rules for parents:
- when it works, praise; when it doesn’t, don’t scold;
- help, suggest ideas, but do not do the task for the child;
- try to trust the baby at all stages of the work, even if it doesn’t turn out so beautifully, not so smoothly;
- limit classes in time, do not give many tasks of the same type in a row, even if the child does everything well;
- open up all possibilities to the child, show as much as possible, offer, but do not impose.
The duration of classes can be adjusted, but you should not make them longer than 30 minutes. It is also important to pay attention to what the child does best and try to hear and understand him. At this age, children discover talents and interests; encourage them and develop them.
The development of children 4-5 years old is determined by many factors, including what knowledge, skills and abilities the child has acquired by this age.
Typically this is:
- physical development,
- counting skills
- reading,
- understanding reality.
What should a child of 4-5 years old know and be able to do?
Mathematics
Training in spatial orientation and basic numeracy skills should include the following:
- A child of 4-5 years of age can count from 1 to 10, and this skill must be present both directly and reverse order.
- It is important for children to be able to find the missing number in a series of numbers.
- Children 4-5 years old can write and recognize numbers, know the composition of a number, that is, they decompose it into component numbers.
- The child understands the meanings of mathematical operations greater than, less than, equal to, and their designations in writing.
- Children compare large and small objects, know and identify the differences between objects in length, width, height and thickness.
- The child equalizes the number of objects in groups.
- Children know the mathematical operations of addition and subtraction and solve simple examples.
- The child uses numerals correctly in speech.
- Knows the simplest geometric shapes and recognizes them.
- Knows how to distribute space on a sheet of paper, define the concept of left, right, up and down.
Free materials on our website will help you develop mathematics abilities in children of this age:
- - video (memorize numbers from 0 to 30)
- — detailed tasks about each number from 0 to 10
- We learn the concepts: “ “
In addition, I also advise you to supplement the games with activities based on the books of Lyudmila Georgievna Peteron.
Speech development
A good level of development of a baby also determines the level of development of his speech. The speech skills development program includes the following features:
- For children 4-5 years of age, it is important to be able to pronounce all sounds and speak with expression.
- Children can name the objects around them, people, animals, distribute them into groups by meaning, and call them with a general word.
- For children, it is necessary to use singular and plural nouns in speech.
- The child easily finds an object based on the description of its shape, color, and purpose.
- Children 4-5 years old determine the meanings of prepositions and select synonyms.
- For children, it is necessary to know the names of holidays, ask and answer questions, and know several poems, riddles, and nursery rhymes.
- The child composes a story based on the given picture from several simple sentences, can retell the fairy tale, and come up with an ending to the story.
Various free thematic classes, cards and games will help expand your child’s vocabulary:
- for girls with thematic tasks
- with tasks for boys
- study and
- studying
- - selection interesting materials
- — a selection of tasks with games
The development of a child’s speech at 4-5 years of age and the peculiarities of his thinking are inextricably linked by psychologists with learning to read. You can teach reading during this period in several stages. The following skills precede reading:
- The child knows the alphabet
- The child highlights the first and last syllables in a word.
Learning to read involves dividing words into syllables, so developing this skill by ear is extremely important.
For children 4-5 years old, it is important to know and correctly name sounds and letters, and knows the alphabet. If your child cannot read yet short words, reading instruction should be conducted as follows:
Acquaintance with sounds and their letter designation (alphabet) will subsequently help correct and fluent reading.
For children we can offer sound games, where a sound is emphasized in a word. At the second stage, learning to read takes place as a means of determining the sound composition of a word.
At the third stage, learning to read involves sound analysis of a word and its comparison with the letter composition (remember the alphabet).
At the fourth stage, learning to read focuses on the letter composition of the word: here they use
- alphabet,
- cubes,
- writing letters.
And finally, at the fifth stage, learning to read involves merging syllables into a word. The section on our website, which contains the alphabet, will help teach your child to read quickly:
Development of logic and thinking
Features of the development of logical thinking in children aged 4-5 years include the formation of the following skills:
Children 4-5 years old find differences and inconsistencies in pictures. The child is able to arrange several pictures in the desired sequence. Developmental activities will help you develop this skill.
Children are able to find a pair for the proposed object and explain their connection. It is important for children to be able to explain the purpose of certain objects and places to visit.
Children can choose from 3 proposed items.
Children know the names of colors, their shades, determine the time of day, year, know what country they live in, what their parents do.
A 4-5 year old child knows the basic rules of behavior on the street.
Free games to develop logic and thinking:
- We are building
- - games based on the Shichida method
- - a game
- - game with magnifying glass
- - game for attention, etc.
Fine motor skills
The development of a 5-year-old child also provides for a certain level of graphic skills: The child knows how to use various drawing tools (crayons, felt-tip pens, pencils). Children should be able to draw lines, circles, simple objects, outline, and color. Free materials on our website for development fine motor skills The child has.
Irina Rybakova
Work program of the “Develop” circle for the 2016–2017 school year. years for children 4–5 years old
Working programm
mug« Develop it» for the 2016-2017 academic year. of the year
For children 4-5 years old(middle group "Ezhata")
Supervisor mug Rybakova Irina Viktorovna
Passport programs
1. Full name " Development mental abilities at children preschool age"
3. Date of creation 2016
4. Characteristics program provides:
- development and improvement of sensory standards in children younger preschool age;
- development of communication and speech;
- development of attention, memory, perception, thinking;
6. Implementation deadlines: 1 year
7. Age of preschoolers: 4-5 years
8. Purpose programs: Development mental abilities in a comfortable environment.
Tasks:
Form mental cognitive processes (memory, thinking, imagination, perception, attention).
Develop emotional-volitional sphere, fine motor skills of the hand.
Develop independence and initiative.
Develop cognitive activity, cognitive motivation, intellectual abilities children.
Enrich the experience of self-knowledge of preschoolers.
To educate each child with self-esteem, self-respect, and the desire for active activity and creativity.
Develop communication skills.
9. Summary programs:
9.1. Didactic games and exercises for development of thinking, memory, imagination, perception, attention in the process of mastering various methods of action in conditions of objective-effective and visual-figurative cooperation.
9.2. Didactic games with rules on development orientation in space, on the plane of the sheet.
10. Predicted results
10.1. Use basic methods of activity, adopt their own
decisions, express their thoughts and desires, control their achievements.
10.2. Show initiative and independence, a positive attitude towards the world, developed imagination , thinking, curiosity.
11. Prospects development.
#U children will be developed:
Mental operations (analysis, comparison, classification, generalization);
Cognitive processes (perception, attention, memory, imagination);
Fine motor skills of hands and eye.
Creativity and imagination, ability to model and
design.
# Interest in intellectual games will appear.
# A desire to complete the task will be formed.
Explanatory note
Work program of the circle« Developer» provides development of attention, perception, thinking children aged 4 to 5 years, taking into account their age and individual characteristics.
The program ensures development mental abilities children younger preschool age.
The comprehensive thematic plan is designed for 1 year.
Group classes are held once a week, in the afternoon.
Lesson duration is 20 minutes.
Relevance programs
The basis for a successful educational activities is good developed cognitive mental processes: memory, attention, thinking, imagination, perception, speech. When preparing a child for school, it is necessary to teach him to listen, see, observe, remember, and process the information received. To some extent, the organization will help resolve these issues work mug« Develop it» .
Novelty programs
IN program intended use great variety educational games, puzzles, mazes, tasks, questions, stimulating development wide range intellectual abilities, the formation of a holistic view of the world, which distinguishes widely educated people. At the same time, it has a number of features that can be attribute:
The use of games with an updated bank of questions and tasks, flexible rules and content of which allows you to select tasks that suit age and abilities children;
Selection and systematization of material, exercises development mental mental processes;
Conducting classes in a playful way. During the game, the situation of success is realized to the maximum, therefore, Job happens naturally, there is no mental stress.
Free, independent activity children, which makes it possible child self-development who chooses the type of activity that suits his abilities and interests.
During classes, the individual characteristics of each child, his age, mood, desire and capabilities are taken into account. The main thing is that classes bring only positive emotions to children. Therefore, the main emphasis is on development visual perception, and also pays great attention to development of fine motor skills. Fingers do not become skillful right away. And, as you know "The mind is at your fingertips", and development intellectual basic abilities: attention, perception, memory, imagination, thinking.
Program allows you to customize complex gaming tasks: stronger children can find more difficult options, less prepared ones - simpler job. At the same time, educational and developing the meaning of the game remains the same. This makes it possible to warn the child against fear of difficulties, to teach him to create and create without fear.
Principles underlying programs:
1. Principle developmental education.
This program is implemented on the basis of the provision on the leading role of training in child development, considering "the zone of his closest development» . It is aimed at teaching preschoolers to perform basic operations with concepts: analysis, comparison and unification according to similar characteristics, generalization and establishment different types logical connections. The listed operations, being ways of performing mental activity, form the basis for reasoning and inferences, which are complex, purposeful acts of thinking.
2. The principle of gradualism.
Smooth transition from simple knowledge, operations, skills to more complex ones (according to the principle "spirals"). Each type of task and exercise serves as preparation for the next, more complex task.
3. The principle of taking into account the age and individual characteristics of the child.
3. The principle of accessibility.
Maximum exposure of the mechanisms and operations of logical and verbal thinking to the child in order to fully understand them. Use in assignments the most diverse material related to different areas of knowledge.
4. Activity principle.
Classes are based on relationships of cooperation, mutual assistance, which facilitate the assimilation of new mental operations and intellectual actions, promote speech development, formation of positive motivation for cognitive activity. When completing tasks, the correctness of their completion is monitored and assessed, support is provided and the child’s activity is stimulated.
6. The principle of visibility (availability and variety of teaching materials).
Forms of organization children:
Individual;
Subgroup;
Group.
Forms working with children:
Situational conversation;
Problematic situation.
Methods working with children:
Verbal (conversation, riddles);
Visual (review of teaching aids, subjects);
Practical (didactic games and exercises, demonstration of ways to operate with objects, experiment).
Planned results:
By the end of the training program promotion is expected children in the development of thinking, speeches, mental functions, formation of their cognitive interests, communication skills And creativity, arbitrariness of activity.
At the same time, children the following main skills:
Ability to identify and express in speech signs of similarity and difference individual items and aggregates.
Ability to combine groups of objects, highlight parts, establish relationships between parts and the whole.
Children's mastery of logical techniques information processing, formation and development of self-control skills.
During the educational process:
Children perform didactic tasks on selecting and grouping objects (toys);
Compare objects (by shape, color, size, etc.);
Summarize (according to selected characteristics);
Select appropriate insert parts when choosing from 4-6 parts;
With the help of an adult, arrange objects in descending order or
increasing size; - understand words "more", "slightly less", "big","small", "the same"
Select objects according to a given characteristic;
Are oriented at the same time selection: (color and size, shape and color);
Complete orientation tasks among at least 4 objects 4
colors (red, yellow, blue and green, choose one of 2 items,
remembers names and repeats after adults);
Use substitute objects;
Methods for determining effectiveness programs.
In order to determine the degree of assimilation of this programs Final diagnostics are carried out in the form of test tasks. A form of positive evaluation during implementation program is"child's briefcase"- a kind of exhibition of the child’s personal achievements. Currently "child's briefcase" all the children gather work during school year , including workers notebooks and are designed as an exhibition of achievements.
Terms of sale programs
1. Availability of teaching aids and games on development cognitive mental processes.
2. Methodological support programs.
3. Creating a situation of success for each child, creating a friendly, creative atmosphere in the classroom.
4. Relationship with family.
Thematic planning
September
1) Orientation in space, on the plane of the sheet.
1. A game to develop the ability to navigate in motion "Where will you go and what will you find"
2. A game to develop the ability to navigate on a plane "Name the neighbors"
3. Didactic games for spatial orientation.
4. Playing outside "New gait"
2)Development of perception.
1. Game "White list", a game "Do it in this way".
2. Game "Compare the object", a game "Sewing up the carpet"(by subgroups)
3. Game "Circle triangle, square"., a game "Find a toy".
4. Game "Find out the subject", a game "Make a picture" (by subgroups)
3) Diagnostics of the level of perception
1. Methodology “What objects are hidden in the drawings?” (individual. Job)
2. Methodology for development of observation skills(individual. Job)
3. Visual perception. Exercise "Name the Animals"(individual. Job)
4. Auditory perception "Text Comprehension"(individual. Job)
4)Memory development.
1. Development of auditory memory. Playing the story.
A game "Remember the pictures"
2. Reproduction of the story. A game "Let's remember together"
3. Development visual memory game “What toy is missing?”, a game “Drawing patterns from memory”
4. Development of figurative memory
A game "Remember and name"
5) Diagnostics memory development
1. Auditory memory. Methodology "10 words" (by subgroups)
2. Visual memory. Methodology of D. Wexler. (by subgroups)
3. Figurative memory. Methods for studying figurative memory. Exercise with pictures. (by subgroups)
6)Development of attention.
1. Game "Find identical objects", A game “What appeared?” (individual. Job)
2. Game "Find differences" (individual. Job)
3. Game "Find a toy". Drawing on a theme "My favorite toy"
4. Game "What is this?", a game "Add a word"
7) Diagnosis of attention level
1. Methodology "Find and cross out" (individual. Job)
8)Development of imagination.
1. Game "Let's help the artist"
2. Game "Magic Pictures"
9) Diagnostics of imagination.
1. Methodology "How to save a bunny" 3 min
10) Development of thinking.
1. Games "Third wheel", “What happens?”
2. Living - nonliving
3. Conversation "Who is this?" getting to know the professions.
Educational board game"Professions".
4. Game “Guess the object by its parts” (by subgroups)
A game "Let's invent" (abstract thinking, speech)
5. Game "Guess the toy"
6. Game "Pictures-riddles"
11) Level diagnostics development of thinking.
1. Methodology "Cut out the shapes"
2. Methodology “What’s missing here?”, "Divide into groups" 2 minutes
The study of a particular topic is determined by the pace of learning of preschoolers, their individual characteristics and the specifics of the teaching aids used. Tasks are given only that are accessible and interesting for children in a playful and entertaining way, which contributes to the most successful development cognitive processes.
Basic requirements for content-logical tasks character:
Tasks must have a clear target focus on development one or simultaneously several cognitive processes, among which priority is given logical thinking, but such cognitive processes as attention, perception, memory are also present.
Tasks must carry a certain intellectual load for children, expand their understanding or introduce them to the simplest methods of understanding reality.
Assignments should be presented in an interesting form and based on material that is close to children.
Subjects of classes:
1. Orientation in space, on the plane of the sheet.
2. Development of thinking, attention, memory, imagination, perception.
In the process of performing game exercises, children learn to compare different objects, identify essential features, establish patterns, perform simple types of analysis and synthesis, establish connections between concepts, learn to combine and plan.
U children auditory and visual memory improves.
Development imagination is built mainly on material including tasks of geometric character:
Drawing simple compositions from geometric shapes to any image;
Selecting a figure of the desired shape to restore the whole, etc.
Methodological support programs.
As part of the implementation development programs cognitive abilities are used:
Collections of riddles, poems, folklore collections (proverbs, sayings);
Subject pictures by topics: vegetables, fruits, toys, furniture, clothing, shoes, pets and birds, wild animals and birds, flowers, trees, insects, professions, dishes, transport, water world, parts of the day and time;
Benefits for development auditory attention , For development visual attention for development of speech attention, For development logical thinking;
Board-printed games.
Used Books
1. Blinova G. M. Cognitive development of children 5-7 years old. Toolkit. -M.: Sphere shopping center, 2006
2. Veraksa N. E. Individual characteristics of cognitive child development preschool age- M:PERSE, 2003
3. Tikhomirova L. F. “ Development cognitive abilities children» -Yaroslavl "Academy development» , 1996
4. Svetlova I. E. We train memory: Textbook, M.: EKSMO-Press Publishing House, 2001.
