Wedding ceremonies of the Tatars

(Tatar wedding - tui yolalary)

Wedding rites of the Tatars are characterized by noticeable unity while maintaining the diversity of terms for essentially identical rituals, wedding rites, treats, etc.

The main differences are related to the specific form of the religious wedding ceremony, which was a primary, integral part of the wedding ritual among Muslim Tatars and Orthodox Kryashen Christians. The presence of rich wedding folklore among the Mishar Tatars and especially the Kryashens brings a certain originality. In the traditional life of the Kazan Tatars (19th century), it was practically absent.

For the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. marriage by matchmaking was predominant. This form of marriage predetermined the corresponding wedding ritual. Its main feature was the strict implementation of a single set of rituals characteristic of a specific area. The existing differences were due only to social reasons and consisted of a different number of guests, the duration of wedding feasts, guests, the wealth of gifts, etc.

Upon reaching mutual agreement, the bride's parents invited the matchmakers and the groom's parents to a conspiracy - in an engagement - aklash, ak birү, kileshү, kyzny sүzgә salu, etc. Despite the variety of terms, the essence of the ritual was the same everywhere: as a sign of the final agreement, the parties exchanged certain things. On the bride's side, as a rule, they handed over a towel and tablecloth, and on the groom's side, the agreed amount of money. The ceremony, to which the bride's relatives and active participants in the future wedding were also invited, ended with a meal.

The main wedding (tui, nikah tui) among the Muslim Tatars was held in the bride’s house. The main ones among the guests were the groom's parents - top kodalar. They brought with them kalyn (sometimes it was brought on the eve of the wedding or a few days before it) and treats, the list of which was quite consistent. This is a pair of geese, two to four or more fluffy breads - kalach, kүmәch, a certain amount of yuacha, katlama, җәймә - a kind of thin butter cakes, sweet pies and a special wedding delicacy - chәkchәk, bavyrsak. All this was put into a special chest - ash sandygy, kүchtәnәch sandygy and transported on a special cart - ash chanasy, ash arbasy.

Two or three Onodule couples came with them - special invitees. These are close relatives of the groom. They also brought treats with them. In addition, one or two pairs of guests traveled without refreshments. They were invited at their discretion to the top kodar. That's why they were called yarchen - joined, rope - wings.

The bride's side should be represented by her relatives, who helped with the wedding. Some of them brought treats with them - ash belen kilu, saum, others invited visiting matchmakers to their place for a treat (often overnight), looked after them, and served them.

The wedding began with a religious marriage ceremony (nikah, kaben) according to the established Tatar ritual. The mullah wrote down mәһәr in the marriage registration book - the conditions for marriage. This included kalyn, tartu, products or their cost, etc., which had already been transferred to the bride’s side. A certain amount of money was especially fixed, which in the event of a divorce on the initiative of the husband, he had to pay his wife. Then the mullah asked about the consent of the young people to this marriage. Since the young people themselves were not present at this wedding, his father was responsible for the groom. Two witnesses were responsible for the bride, who were specially sent to find out about her consent (the bride was behind a curtain or in the other half of the house). After listening to the affirmative answer of the witnesses, the mullah read out excerpts from the Koran dedicated to the wedding. After the nikah, the meal began.

The wedding on the bride's side lasted two or three days: visiting matchmakers were invited to their place by her relatives. It was called tui kүtәru, tui alu - “wedding support.”

After the guests had left, the bride’s house began to prepare for the meeting of the groom: a special room for the newlyweds was carefully prepared, which was decorated with the most elegant things from the dowry. They stayed there for the first few days. In the morning, the newlyweds were sent to the bathhouse. From there the young husband returned wearing new clothes sewn by the bride. He, in turn, gave her a valuable gift - kyz kuenina salu.

The first arrival of the groom was accompanied by the payment of a large number of ransoms: for the opportunity to enter the courtyard, enter the room of the young woman, who made the wedding bed, heated the bathhouse, and village children who came to the house specifically for a gift. Therefore, the groom took with him a suitcase with gifts and refreshments.

On his first visit, the young man stayed there from two to four to six days, after which he was taken back. Subsequently, he came on Thursdays, in the evening, and left back in the morning. This period - kiyaүlәp yөrү - varied in duration and, as a rule, depended on family circumstances.

Among the Kryashens, the wedding was held in the church. The newlyweds were led down the aisle by their appointed parents - kyamatlyk, chosen from the groom's close relatives. They became, as it were, guardians of a young family and remained so for life. After the wedding, the young woman settled in their house. Here she was replaced with a girl’s headdress for a woman’s one - bash bәilyaү. From this house she was transported to her husband's house, where the main wedding took place. For all Tatars, the young woman's move to her husband's house was called kilen tosheru, archi, and was usually carried out in the summer.

Not only relatives, but also many fellow villagers gathered to meet the newlyweds. The parents were waiting at the porch of the newlyweds. The mother laid an inverted fur coat or pillow under her daughter-in-law’s feet, saying: “Tokle ayagyn belan, kilen” (a good wish for the young woman upon meeting her at her husband’s house).

Entering the house, the young woman was hanging up a towel. This custom was called elep keru - “having hung, enter.” Then the young people were seated at the table. She had to eat a crust of bread, anointed with butter and honey, so that she would be soft like butter, sweet like honey, that is, easy-going, flexible. And be sure to drink a couple of cups of tea. The young woman’s hands were dipped in flour so that she would not experience poverty or lack.

The rituals of oy kienderu - “dressing up the house” were widespread: they took down the curtains hanging in the house, wall fabric decorations and hung new ones from the bride’s dowry, as well as su yuly kursatu - “showing the road on the water”. She was led to a spring from which she was to fetch water. The young relatives participating in this were given gifts by the daughter-in-law.

The Kryashens have all the rituals, be it the arrival of matchmakers, the bride moving to her husband’s house, the dressing up of the house, etc. accompanied by the performance of special wedding and guest songs.

The young couple's move was accompanied by a series of feasts both in the house of the husband's parents (among the Kryashens - the main wedding with a special ritual of "showing the bride" - borkanchek achu, etc.) and his relatives. Guest etiquette was the same for all Tatars. After the matchmakers left, elderly relatives and neighbors gathered for a treat called kilen tokmachi, kilen salmasy (daughter-in-law's noodles). The cycle of wedding meals was completed by generally modest, but meaningfully important feasts held in both houses. In the bride's house, a kazan kaitar (return of the cauldron) was held with the invitation of the newlyweds, and the daughter-in-law's parents were invited to the groom's house. Only after these feasts could the parties visit each other freely and at their own discretion.

The profound transformations that took place in the life of the people in the post-revolutionary years, and the material difficulties associated with the wars of the early 20th century, also influenced the form of wedding ceremonies.

In 1930-1960 There has been a sharp decline in traditional wedding rituals, and new ones are appearing. So, during this period, in all Tatar villages, the form of marriage by marriage - yabyshyp chigu - became widespread. In this form, young people themselves agreed on marriage. Having decided to get married, the young man informed his parents, and, as a rule, agreed with them on the day when he would bring the bride to the house. The girl’s parents only guessed about their daughter’s intentions. There were cases when neither one nor the other parents knew about this day. The young man took his chosen one to him under the cover of darkness, most often from a club, from gatherings, inviting with him his friend and a close friend of the bride (as witnesses). The next morning, the parents or one of the young man’s close relatives went to the girl’s parents with news of their daughter’s whereabouts and an invitation to a meal, during which a religious marriage ceremony, nikah, was performed. After some time, often timed to coincide with some Soviet holiday, a wedding feast was held in the groom's house. Unlike the traditional one, it was carried out in a new way: with the simultaneous invitation and refreshment of both men and women at the same table, there was a lot of singing, dancing, joking, and they began to call it the term kyzyl tui (red wedding), which appeared in the twenties.

By the end of the 20th century. A type of wedding ritual has been formed in which preserved (sometimes revived) traditional rituals and new ones are organically combined. And the variety of weddings is obtained due to the different combinations of certain elements in them. Their characteristic feature is the free choice of rituals. And therefore, in the same area, the form of a wedding, as a rule, depends only on the desires of the young people and their relatives, their knowledge and skills. The main thing is to create a festive atmosphere, emphasizing the importance and significance of this moment in the lives of young people and their relatives. This is achieved through a “solemn marriage registration ritual” conducted by government authorities and the organization of wedding feasts. The remaining moments of the ritual registration of marriage are not of great importance, and therefore the timing and order of their implementation are not so significant, although they create the originality of individual weddings.

In rural areas there is a greater variety of options, but in urban areas, in multi-storey buildings, weddings are held according to a more simplified and identical scheme. However, there are a number of features that are common to all weddings. It becomes mandatory to obtain parental consent for an upcoming marriage after young people decide to get married. When meeting, the parents agree on the timing of the wedding, the number of guests on both sides, and where and how the wedding will take place.

Characteristic is the revival of the tradition of preparing wedding clothes on a new basis. As noted above, from time immemorial, the groom's side prepared clothes for the bride, which included a cut for the dress. The bride also prepared a return gift for the groom - a shirt and other items of clothing. However, there was no tradition of sewing a special wedding dress or white shirt.

The appearance of disposable wedding clothes - a long white dress, a veil, white shoes - for a girl, a dark suit, a white shirt - for a boy, wedding rings - a new phenomenon for the Tatars. Its widespread distribution as an attribute of newlyweds began in the late sixties, when the ritual of its solemn registration became part of the practice of government institutions registering marriages.

Evidence of the great popularity of this ritual is the fact that in rural areas, where there are no special wedding palaces, as in cities, the newlyweds themselves, their relatives and friends become not only active participants, but also creators of a festive atmosphere during the act of registering a marriage. The newlyweds arrive at the place of marriage registration, accompanied by a large number of guests and a musician. Their parents often come here too. They must travel in cars and carts decorated with bright ribbons, balloons, regardless of the distance of the journey.

After registering the marriage, the ritual participants go to the groom’s house. The newlyweds are met by his parents and relatives. A carpet or path is laid under the feet of the daughter-in-law (young couple), a pillow is placed, saying: “Tokle ayagyn belen, kilen” and, before letting the bride into the house, depending on the local tradition, she is treated to honey, butter, bread and salt, or given something to drink sweet drink - shirbat, which are on a tray in the hands of the mother (elder sister, aunt) of the groom. Such a meeting of newlyweds is also typical for urban areas.

Wedding feasts, feasts. When conducting them, the tradition of dividing the participants by age is firmly maintained.

Wedding feast for the elderly - kartlar tue, olylar tue is held both in the house of the bride and the groom. Its characteristic feature is not only the age of the majority of those invited, but also the style of the feast - without alcoholic beverages, serving traditional dishes, etc. It should be noted that the wedding treat for the elderly in the bride's house, after the legalization of religion in recent decades, almost everywhere again began to be called nikah tui, since it is here that the Muslim wedding ceremony - nikah - is held, and the newlyweds themselves actively participate in it. This is a significant modification of the traditional ritual form.

The wedding feast for middle-aged guests - tui - is the main thing. The largest number of guests are invited to it. Most often now this wedding is held in one place - in the house of the groom's parents, sometimes the bride. In cities, they usually set it up in a canteen, cafe, restaurant or special “celebration hall”.

Its characteristic features developed back in the thirties: simultaneous refreshments (at a common table) for men and women, the presence of songs, dances, etc. However, in recent years there has been a process of formation of new features. Thus, everywhere the newlyweds and their witnesses are seated in the most honorable place at the table. Next to them sit the parents of the bride or groom, depending on whose house the wedding is taking place. The style of the wedding feast itself is changing due to the inclusion of numerous game moments. Some of them are borrowed from the wedding customs of the peoples of our country; others - from the practice of mass entertainers. These are, as a rule, various comic competitions of newlyweds in dexterity, which are given a certain semantic meaning, numerous comic instructions to the young woman and her husband, congratulations in verse, recording wishes in a special album, etc. Characteristic is the rapid spread of these moments due to the mobility of the population, participation in weddings of both rural and urban residents, and the presence of ethnically mixed marriages.

A wedding feast is inconceivable without giving gifts to the newlyweds. But the mutual gifting of two related parties during a wedding feast is becoming less and less common. Sometimes, by agreement of the parties, mutual gifting of relatives is not carried out at all.

If there is a good organizer and musician, there is a lot of singing at the wedding. These are mainly modern lyrical songs by both professional and amateur composers, as well as improvisational couplets appropriate for the occasion. During breaks, dances and dances are organized, and various games are played.

In general, the process of unification and reduction of wedding rituals continues everywhere. Many common, international features appeared in it. And this process is obviously irreversible.

Tatar wedding dishes

Here we will get acquainted with the ritual wedding dishes of the Tatars, methods of preparing and serving them.

The Tatar wedding table must include such products as butter with honey, chak-chak, gubadia, koshtel (bird tongues). They prepare and boil special dumplings (kiyau pelmene), serve goose, kazylyk (dried sausage), bake pancakes, pancakes, baursak, large goose belish, and also prepare a sweet drink from fruits or honey dissolved in water.

One of the main dishes on the wedding table since ancient times is a sweet puff pastry pie made from unleavened dough - gubadia. To prepare it, dough layers are baked, which are then alternated with the filling. The filling can be very different: dried raspberries, strawberries, currants, apples or raisins. The top of the gubadia is covered with juicy dough and decorated. Usually an odd number of layers are baked: from three to nine. The number of layers is symbolic - it determined how many nights the groom could stay in the bride's house. This pie was prepared by special craftswomen. Usually there were two or three such people in each village. In some settlements, these pastries were brought to the wedding by the groom, while in other villages the bride’s side had to bake Gubadiya.

Another sweet dish made from dough is chak-chak. It is prepared as follows: the sweet unleavened dough is rolled into flagella, then cut into small pieces. After this, they are fried in a large amount of oil. The fried pieces are placed on a plate, poured with honey and decorated. Sometimes chakchak is filled with wild strawberry marshmallow. To do this, the berries are pounded in a mortar, then rubbed through a sieve and the resulting mass is poured into chakchak. As a rule, this dish is prepared by the bride's side. They say: chakchak - kyz kumeche (chakchak - bride's treat).

An indispensable, obligatory dish at a wedding feast is goose. Previously, it was believed that the groom's side should bring the bird. Sometimes both sides prepared a goose dish. The goose was brought plucked and cooked whole directly by the bride. It is believed that a bird, especially a waterfowl, carries a certain meaning and is a symbol of family well-being and fertility. The ritual goose at a wedding dinner is a very ancient tradition: the people’s memory preserves the idea of ​​the bird as the ancestor of the clan.

There were special rules when cutting ritual food. Gubadia was cut carefully, without tearing it off, so that the middle of the pie was visible, since sometimes it was not baked. If this happened, they forced them to bake a new pie. The wedding continued. New gubadia was baked after the wedding and distributed to close relatives of both parties. Before starting to cut up the gubadia, the groom's father covered it with a scarf or tastymal (homespun towel) and put money on top of it, thereby ransoming it. Only after this were the other guests allowed to take a piece of this dish. The guests also left money, which was intended for the newlyweds, on a special tray. Gubadia was cut into four parts, and one fourth was taken to the groom's house, where it was distributed to those relatives who were not present at the wedding.

The chak-chak was cut by a person appointed by the bride's parents, usually it was kyz jingi (the wife of the bride's elder brother or uncle). Before cutting, the chakchak was also covered with a scarf, on which the groom’s parents and his relatives placed gifts and money. Like gubadia, chakchak was cut into four parts and one fourth was taken to the groom’s house.

Only a man appointed by the groom's parents could butcher the goose. The removal of the goose was also accompanied by the presentation of gifts and money. In some cases, the goose was butchered using a special knife, which was longer and wider than usual. The goose was butchered very carefully, trying not to damage the bones. There were a lot of options for the sequence of cutting a ritual goose. Usually, first they cut off the head, saying that the wife “wouldn’t step over her husband’s head,” then they cut off the wings and paws, so that “the husband wouldn’t beat his wife.” Sometimes the groom was given a neck, the bride a wing; either the bride was given the right paw and wing, and the groom - the left; or the bride was given the neck, and the groom - the head. The presentation of certain parts of the goose to the young people was accompanied by special words. For example, if the head and paws were given to the husband, this was done so that he would not “go to the side.”

When serving gubadia, chak-chak and goose, the parents of the newlyweds installed a person to cut up the listed ritual dishes, after which they liegave him gifts.

National costume for a wedding ceremony is an important and significant component of the material and spiritual culture of the Tatar people. The outfit must be modest, richly decorated, colorful, bright, feminine, elegant - this is a real cultural value. Of course, we are talking about the national wedding dress. Are there any differences between it and the modern variation of the wedding dress? It's worth looking into!

Story

Previously, according to the peculiarities of the Tatar wedding, it was customary for the parents to present the future bride with fabric for sewing a wedding attire. Or the girl chose the piece of linen she liked from the groom’s wedding gifts, presented a week before the celebration.

The Koran teaches to have only the most necessary things, avoiding excesses, so festive clothes became those that were worn later in everyday life. It could be:

• tunic (sometimes complete with pants);
• loose fit dress;
• traditional national costume, suitable for any occasion - shirt, bib and trousers.

A little later, camisoles and beshmets came into fashion. This is outerwear: a camisole is a fitted short vest, a beshmet is a long coat tapered at the back. It was customary to decorate them with fur, gold embroidery, and silver clasps that replaced standard buttons. The color scheme of festive dresses did not differ in variety; Tatar wedding dresses could be of three colors:

• emerald;
• burgundy;
• bright blue.

In modern Tatarstan, the bride has the right to independently choose the color and style of her wedding dress, as well as the fabric for it.

Peculiarities

Traditional Tatar wedding attire must be chaste, covering the entire body of the newlywed: neck, décolleté, arms, legs. Only the hands and face were allowed to be left open to the eyes of the guests.

Tatar costumes are characterized by bright colors, the presence of velvet and patterns, mostly gold in color. Main features and details of the national wedding dress:

At modern Tatar weddings, stylized European styles are increasingly common, but the special flavor of the national costume is still preserved in them. The traditional headdress is worn less and less, instead they use a hijab, or simply a fluffy veil, emphasizing the beauty of the hairstyle. For footwear, brides prefer low-heeled shoes.

Styles

The current modernized outfits are somewhat different from the folk ones. Traditional white dresses are predominantly used, which can be complemented with contrasting details made in the three main national colors. Light shades of wedding clothing are also welcome: mint, soft blue, pinkish.

Moral prohibitions have become a little more tolerant of styles - a girl can afford to choose an outfit with open arms or a shallow neckline. The most popular model among Tatar fashionistas was an A-line wedding dress with a full skirt. This is a universal cut that looks elegant and stylish on any body type.

Tatar wedding salons also offer other styles of wedding dresses that are now in demand all over the world:

Fabrics and decor

If previously the most popular material in the costumes of the Tatar peoples was velvet, supplemented by several meters of braiding made of gold threads, today the assortment has certainly expanded. Increasingly, synthetic fibers are being added to natural fabrics to make dresses more practical. Wedding dresses are usually made from satin, brocade, dupont, and jacquard. As throughout the world, the trend is the finest lace, emphasizing the femininity, tenderness and airiness of the wedding look.

Numerous modernized wedding dress design ideas mostly have European roots. Tatar embroidery is something that has remained unchanged in wedding dresses: colorful golden ornaments and floral motifs adorn the sleeves, hem of the skirt, veil or hijab. This distinctive feature gives the bride a special charm, femininity, royal uniqueness, and such decoration looks very expensive and sophisticated.

Conclusion

Uniqueness and special grace are what distinguish Muslim wedding dresses (Tatar ones, too). For all its closedness, the outfit looks very rich and sometimes is a real work of art. Unlike European wedding clothing, it does not seek to show off the bride’s beauty, but, on the contrary, delicately and unobtrusively emphasizes them. Such dresses are 100% consistent with centuries-old wedding canons, in which the newlywed should be the embodiment of innocence, purity and chastity.

A Tatar wedding is a very spectacular and symbolic celebration, it carries all the originality of the Tatar people, their peculiarity and unique color.

Of course, a modern Tatar wedding differs from a wedding that took place many centuries ago, but many brides and grooms still observe all the traditions and customs of this holiday. The peculiarity of this wedding lies in its unusual scenario, congratulations and the richness of the ceremonial table.

Traditionally, all Tatar weddings take place in November, when all field work has already been completed. Tatars marry mainly through matchmaking. The groom's relatives propose, and the bride's relatives - discussing all the conditions for marriage (the bride price, its size, the wedding date). Usually the bride's parents do not refuse a good guy who asks to give him their daughter. Then comes the engagement and conspiracy.

Tatar wedding customs and traditions

Compared to a Russian wedding, a Tatar wedding is a very original and unusual holiday. The originality of the Tatar wedding lies in the fact that the bride’s relatives go to the groom, pick him up and bring him to the bride, where their first wedding night should be. It should be noted that now a Tatar wedding can take place without the groom paying a bride price. Of course, the groom bears a little expense - for the ransom of the bride when he enters her house, but the bulk of all expenses is borne by the bride's relatives. Since, according to Tatar traditions, the bride is obliged to marry with a fairly rich dowry.

A Tatar wedding usually begins with a nikah; this ceremony is similar to the Orthodox wedding ceremony. It is attended by a mullah, the bride and groom and two witnesses. Nikah begins with a prayer, then they pronounce advice for the newlyweds. After this main ceremony, the newlyweds are called husband and wife. Upon completion of the nikah, lovers can live together.

Tatar wedding script

Muslims have their own customs for weddings. The newlyweds are seated at the head of the festive table, the groom's relatives and his witness sit next to the bride, and the bride's relatives and her witness sit next to the groom. The groom's relatives are placed on the right side of the table, and the bride's on the left. All guests are introduced to each other, then a toastmaster is chosen. Congratulations, toasts, humor, songs - it's all in his hands.

Cold snacks, fruits and vegetables are traditionally placed on the table. The main dish of the table is chak-chak, which is decorated with sweets. Two geese are also being prepared for such a celebration. It is customary to serve hot dishes - soup. Gubadia, pilaf, meat with carrots and onions are served. Strong drinks include vodka, but there should be compote on the tables, and tea is usually served at the very end.

Closer to night, the bride and groom dance their first dance. It should be noted that you cannot see modern dances here - young people prefer to perform their own, national ones with beautiful choreography.

After the festive feast, the newlyweds should visit the bathhouse. The basis of this tradition is the belief in the purifying power of water.

When they leave, they make special pancakes for their son-in-law. The son-in-law will begin to eat pancakes and must discreetly put a coin under the plate with pancakes.

The wedding ends with the wife moving to her husband's house. A wedding feast is also held there. When greeting the bride, they follow the custom: they lay a fur coat, an inverted one, or a pillow at her feet, treat her with bread, honey, and dip her hands in flour.

If earlier, according to ancient tradition, a Tatar wedding took several days, now the celebration time has been reduced to two days.

Best wedding Instagram

In this article we will talk about such a ritual (tradition) as nikah, which among the Tatars and Bashkirs, in general, among Muslims, essentially plays the same role as the wedding among Russians. The Islamic wedding ceremony is called nikah - ritual union of lovers through marital ties. It is typical not only for Tatar weddings; it is celebrated by residents of Dagestan, Kazakhstan, India and Arab countries that profess Islam.

Muslim wedding traditions

Nikah tradition provides four conditions, having fulfilled which, lovers can be united in sacred marriage. Firstly, any male relative on the bride's side must be present at the ceremony. The second condition is the presence of witnesses - Muslim men, one each from the bride and groom.

Third condition: nikah ceremony can be carried out only after the groom pays the ransom due for the bride - bride price. Modern bride price, as a rule, is purely symbolic, and is rather paid as a tribute to traditions. And finally, the most important condition is the desire of the newlyweds to get married and live a family life. Official notification of marriage is not required; after marriage, the newlyweds receive a certificate, and in many countries it is an official marriage document.

Nikah, traditions which originates from antiquity, has today undergone many changes. Some of its customs were borrowed from other countries. This, for example, is the well-known custom of bride kidnapping. In former times, a young man abducted a girl from home only when there was no hope of her or her parents' voluntary consent to marriage. After the abduction, the girl was considered dishonored, and only a wedding could wash away the shame from her and her family. So the parents had no choice but to give their blessing for the marriage. However, they could require the groom to pay a dowry twice the traditional amount.

According to the Koran, in order to enter into a sacred marriage union and obtain the girl’s voluntary consent to the wedding, a young man in love with her had to first explain his feelings for the girl, being with her in a public place, and only then inform her family of his intentions to enter into a legal marriage .

Matchmaking as part of tradition

Nikah among the Tatars usually preceded by matchmaking, during which the groom's relatives propose to the bride's relatives and together negotiate the terms of the future marriage. Before the Nikah, the groom is not allowed to be alone with the bride. Nikah is often held at the end of autumn, after the end of agricultural work. The bride and groom cook for each other rich gifts on nicknames. On the bride’s side these are, as a rule, handicrafts, on the groom’s side – various decorations and other symbols of his wealth. Gifts for Nikah among Bashkirs consisted of horses and cattle. The groom handed over one of the horses to the bride's father, and the rest of the herd could be disposed of by the bride herself. Most, as a rule, were slaughtered for wedding treats. When the groom paid the bride price, the bride's father gave a rich dowry, which could be even larger than the size of the bride price.

There is an interesting custom that is carried out on Nikah among Muslims. The marriage document records the act of transferring the groom's wedding gift to the bride. Usually this is an expensive gold jewelry that the bride wears on herself and can sell in case of financial difficulties, providing for herself.

Compliance with Nikah traditions still plays a huge role in concluding a marital union. Violation of any custom can even become a reason for divorce. The ceremony can be held either at home or in a mosque. The mullah reads a certain sura of the Koran to the young people, giving them instructions for their future life together. Then the holiday begins in the groom's house - thuy, which could last two or three days.

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