The article is intended for teachers and parents, since the safety of children on the road and in life depends on them.
Relevance: The issue of ensuring human safety on the road arose simultaneously with the advent of cars, and then began to intensify with the development of the automotive industry. Disappointing reports about road accidents involving minor children leave no one indifferent.
Statistics show that children themselves are often the cause of road accidents. A child is not a small adult; his body is in a state of growth and development, and not all mental functions that are so necessary for adaptation in the world are fully formed. Children are dynamic, excitable and at the same time absent-minded; they are not able to foresee danger, assess the real distance to a moving car, its speed, as well as their capabilities. Therefore, it is necessary to attract the attention of the public, the media, employees of motor transport organizations, and parents to this problem. The same reason explains the need to ensure increased road safety at the state level.
Teaching junior and senior preschoolers in kindergartens the rules traffic(traffic rules) and prevention child injury on the roads - an obligatory part of the educational process in preschool educational institutions. The requirements specified in educational program for teaching children the road alphabet, should become more complex depending on the age of the children.
In our preschool every year, events are organized and carried out aimed at the prevention and prevention of road traffic injuries:
A regulatory framework for the prevention of road accidents has been developed;
- In each group, according to the age of the children and the requirements of the program, there are road safety corners, illustrative material, as well as recommendations for parents on the prevention of road traffic injuries;
- Teachers collect didactic material, make a variety of educational games, organize joint activities (entertainment in which children and parents participate, excursions, thematic conversations).
In our work we implement different techniques and methods. The most effective way Bringing basic rules of behavior on the road to children is a game where they are participants. During the game, children learn the basic rules and requirements, understand who a pedestrian, a driver and a traffic controller are.
In the corners, according to traffic regulations, children play, and at the same time gain knowledge that there are houses on the streets, large and small, sidewalks, and streets. While playing with cars, they notice that there are cars and trucks, they learn the rules of behavior in transport, when crossing the road, on the sidewalk, and become familiar with traffic lights.
Also in the traffic rules corner, children see an intersection, become familiar with zebra and dividing line markings, and learn the concepts of one-way and two-way traffic.
While playing, children learn to cross the road correctly and learn that there are signs on the roads that warn drivers and pedestrians about what lies ahead.
Most of the work on teaching preschoolers the rules of the road occurs in the senior and preparatory groups. Children at this age already have certain knowledge and ideas about the road, drivers, pedestrians and passengers.
Therefore, in these groups the content of the material is more complex: in the corners of the traffic rules there are different types of intersections with markings, sidewalks, different types of signs, traffic stops, etc. Children become familiar with the concept of “multi-lane traffic”, “safety island”, and the means of regulating traffic on the road. It should be noted that traffic rules training occurs in different types. joint activities pupils and teachers, in conducting educational activities in the areas of “Communication”, “Cognition”, “Health”, “Music”.
In organizing role-playing games, the creation of a subject-development environment is of great importance. For this purpose, the preschool educational institution has a model of a street with an intersection, signs for pedestrians, and models of houses. Here children can not only play, but also practice and consolidate their acquired knowledge of the rules of behavior of a cultured driver and pedestrian, road signs, and together with the teacher they analyze situational tasks on road safety.
To help educators organize training for children in traffic rules, there is an educational and methodological complex: demonstration and didactic material, card files of games, lesson notes, riddles, poems, long-term plans introducing children to the rules of the road according to the age of the children.
The work of preschool educational institutions to ensure that pupils learn the rules of safe movement can only give effective results if working together with parents.
When organizing this cooperation, you need to remember that it should not be declarative. In order for parents and children to show interest in the road alphabet, we organize various types of activities: competitions, quizzes, holidays.
There is a good tradition at the beginning school year organize a competition “For the best drawing on road safety”. This competition has a mandatory requirement - parental participation.
Such events are important, because children and parents, when participating in them, act as one team, and sometimes children become teachers of their parents. After all, many parents still do not think about the problem of children's safety on the road.
It is impossible to instill the skills of safe behavior on the road by talking about caution alone. Traffic rules and safe behavior on the road should be taught to a child from the very moment he begins to walk independently.
So, teaching children the basics of “traffic literacy”, the teaching staff of our preschool adheres to the rules:
- To instill in preschoolers a culture of behavior on the road, and not to mechanically memorize traffic rules with children;
- Combine the study of the Rules and the development of coordination, attention in children, and observation;
- Use all available methods and forms of work: games, conversations, productive activity, quizzes, practical exercises, reading books, showing videos, excursions.
All this is necessary to form and consolidate in children the skill of safe behavior on the road.
For parents of younger preschoolers:
- You are a model of behavior and an object of love and imitation for your child. Remember this the moment you go out onto the roadway with your baby.
- To prevent a child from getting into trouble, you need to instill in him respect for the rules of the road every day, unobtrusively and with patience.
- A child should only play in the yard under the supervision of adults and know that he must not go out onto the road!
- You should not frighten your child with possible circumstances, but you should observe situations with him on the road, in the yard, on the street, and explain what is happening with pedestrians and vehicles.
- Introduce your child to the rules for pedestrians and the rules for transport.
- Develop your baby's attention and visual memory. To do this, create game situations at home. In the drawings, consolidate your impressions of what you saw. Give your child the opportunity to lead you to kindergarten, and in the evening go home.
At this age, a child should know:
- You can't go out on the road.
- You can cross the road only with an adult, holding his hand.
- You can't break out.
- You can cross the road only at a pedestrian crossing at a calm pace.
- Pedestrians are people who walk along the street.
- In order for there to be order on the road, there are no accidents, so that a pedestrian does not get hit by a car, everyone must obey the traffic light: red light - no traffic, and green light says: “Pass on, the path is open.”
- There are different types of cars, they are transport. The cars are driven by drivers (chauffeurs). Cars (transport) move along the road (highway, pavement).
- When we travel on a trolleybus or bus, we are passengers.
- When we travel in public transport, we cannot lean out of the window; we need to hold on to mom, dad’s hand or the handrail.
For parents of older preschoolers:
- Your baby has grown up, he has become more inquisitive, his life experience has been enriched, and he has become more independent. But your authority has not diminished at all. You still remain a faithful assistant for him in instilling cultural behavior on the street and in public transport.
- Knowing individual characteristics your child (temperament, intelligence, nervous system, etc.), continue to help him master the science of respect for the street: not intrusively, but persistently, patiently, systematically.
- Cultivate in your child the habit of being attentive, prudent and careful on the street.
- On the way to kindergarten, home, on a walk, continue to consolidate the knowledge acquired earlier, ask problematic questions, pay attention to your actions, why you stopped in front of the pedestrian crossing, why you stopped in front of the road and exactly here, etc.
At this age, the child must know and follow the following rules:
- You need to walk on the sidewalk on the right side.
- Before crossing the road, you need to make sure that there are no cars by looking left and right, after which you can move, after first looking in both directions again.
- You only need to cross the road at a walk.
- You must obey traffic lights.
- In transport you need to behave calmly, speak in a quiet voice, hold on to an adult’s hand or a handrail so as not to fall.
- You cannot stick your hands out of the window of a bus or trolleybus.
- You can enter and exit the vehicle only when it is stationary.
- You can only play in the yard.
Observe with your child situations on the road, in the yard, pedestrians, discuss what you see with your child. Read a suitable instructive work of art to your child, and then offer to talk about what you read; you can draw a corresponding picture.
Road safety lessons for parents
Child in arms. Be attentive and careful - the child, being in your arms, blocks your view of the road.
Child in a sled. Remember that sleds can easily tip over. This should not be allowed on or near the roadway. Look at your child more often. Try to walk in the middle of the sidewalk, further from the icicles.
Exit from public transport. Let the adults always go out first when receiving the child, as he may break free and run out onto the road. When walking on steps that are designed for an adult, a child may fall. Extreme care is needed when you are the last passenger to leave or enter. The driver may not notice the child standing on the steps, whom you were preparing to pick up when you got out; he will consider that the disembarkation is over, close the door and drive off. Therefore, you need to not be the last one to leave, either take the child in your arms, or warn the driver before leaving.
Travel by public transport. When driving in a trolleybus, bus or tram, you need to take a stable position; you need to be especially careful near the driver’s cabin and when preparing to exit.
Hand in hand with a child. On and near the road, always remember that a child may struggle. This situation often happens and leads to traffic accidents. The child may try to escape if he sees dear friends, relatives, etc. on the other side.
Learn to observe. While the child is on the street next to you, it is during the period from 2 to 6 years old, during walks, on the way to kindergarten and back, that it is best and most convenient to instill in him the skills mentioned above! Use the opportunity while you are next to your child on the road to teach him to observe and recognize road “traps.” Let him also observe, reflect, and not just trust you when crossing the road. Otherwise, he will get used to going out onto the roadway without looking.
Example of parents. One wrong action by parents in front of the child, or together with him, can cross out a hundred correct instructions in words. Therefore, never rush with your child on the roadway, do not cross the road while rushing to the bus, and do not talk about extraneous things while crossing the road. Do not cross the road diagonally, or on the side of the crossing, at a red light. This is the only way to ensure maximum safety for your child on the road.
If the child wears glasses. On the road, “lateral vision” plays a very important role, since a pedestrian crosses the road while being sideways to the vehicle. Since “lateral vision” is weakened with glasses, it is necessary to teach the child to observe with redoubled care, to recognize “obstructed view” situations. Even more carefully teach your child to estimate the speed of approaching traffic.
So, only a culture of parental behavior, strict adherence to traffic rules, patience and responsibility for the life and health of your child will help us together to educate and instill in him the habits and skills of safe behavior on the street!
Bibliography
- O.A. Skorolupova “Classes with older children preschool age on the topic “Road Rules and Safety”. M.: “Publishing house Scriptorium 2003”. 2004
- E.Ya. Stepankova, M.F. Filenko “For preschoolers - about the rules of the road.”
- "Traffic Laws". Comp. N.A. Izvekova and others. M: “TC Sfera”. 2005
- "Traffic Laws". M: “The Third Rome”. 2006
- “Directory of a senior teacher of a preschool institution.” No. 2/2007
- “Soviet encyclopedic dictionary”, M: “Soviet encyclopedia”. 1987
- “The Good Road of Childhood”, No. 18 (156). 2007
Consultation for educators.
“Methodology for building a system of work for preschoolers to learn traffic rules”
The purpose of organizing the work is to form and develop in children the skills and abilities of safe behavior in the surrounding road transport environment. This educational process is quite complex and lengthy, requiring special exercises and the use of a number of didactic methods and techniques. This training system should solve the following tasks:
Teaching children safe behavior on roads.
Formation in children of skills and abilities to monitor the road situation and anticipate dangerous situations, the ability to avoid them.
Fostering discipline and conscious compliance with traffic rules and a culture of behavior in the road transport process.
Enrich children's understanding of health. Children need to be taught not only traffic rules, but also safe behavior on the streets, roads, and in transport.
When building a system of work for preschoolers to learn traffic rules, three aspects of interaction with the city’s transport system should be kept in mind:
The child is a pedestrian;
The child is a passenger of public transport;
Child - driver of children's Vehicle(bicycle, snow scooter, sled, roller skates, etc.).
In this regard, the work of teaching children safe behavior skills on the streets should in no case be a one-time event. It must be carried out planned, systematically, constantly. It should cover all types of activities so that the child passes the acquired knowledge through productive activities and then implements it in games and Everyday life outside the kindergarten.
This work should not be separated into a separate section, but should be included in all sections and areas of the education program in kindergarten:
Organized forms of learning in the classroom,
Joint activities of an adult and a child,
Independent activity of the child,
Developing behavioral skills
Getting to know your surroundings
Speech development,
Fiction,
Construction,
Art,
A special place in the education system for children should be given to the study of common causes of road accidents involving children
1. Entering the roadway in an unspecified place in front of nearby traffic (few of our children have the habit of stopping before crossing the roadway, carefully inspecting it before crossing the roadway, carefully inspecting it with a head turn and monitoring the situation on the left and right while driving ).
2. Entering the roadway because of a bus, trolleybus or other obstacle (our children are not used to walking to a pedestrian crossing after getting out of a vehicle or inspecting the roadway before leaving from behind bushes or snowdrifts).
3. Playing on the roadway (our children are used to the fact that all free territory is a place for games).
4. Walking along the roadway (even if there is a sidewalk nearby, most children have the habit of walking along the roadway, most often with all sorts of violations).
The behavior of children on the road is influenced by a number of factors, of which it is necessary to emphasize the special importance age characteristics children:
1. A child under 8 years old still does not recognize the source of sounds well (he cannot always determine the direction from which the noise is coming), and hears only those sounds that are interesting to him.
2. A child’s field of vision is much narrower than that of an adult; a child’s field of view is much smaller. At the age of 5, a child can navigate at a distance of up to 5 meters. At the age of 6, it becomes possible to evaluate events in a 10-meter zone. The remaining cars on the left and right remain unnoticed behind him. He sees only what is opposite.
3. The child’s reaction is significantly slower compared to adults. It takes much more time to react to danger. The child is not able to stop immediately while running, so he reacts to the car signal with a significant delay. Even to distinguish a moving car from a stationary one, a seven-year-old child needs up to 4 seconds, while an adult only needs a quarter of a second.
4. Reliable left-right orientation is acquired no earlier than at the age of seven.
To develop safe behavior skills on the road in preschoolers, it is not necessary to lead the child to the roadway. This can be done in a group, when conducting classes on traffic rules, with a minimum of road symbols and attributes.
Yes, in the first younger group Children are taught to distinguish between red and green colors. It can be explained to children that red and green colors correspond to traffic light signals for pedestrians. A red signal prohibits movement, and a green one allows it (it is advisable to show them first traffic lights with circles, and then with people). When conducting the game “Red - Green,” the teacher explains that if he shows a red circle, you need to stand, and if it’s green, turn your head left and right, and then walk. This establishes the habit of looking around before entering the roadway, even when the traffic light is green.
In the second younger group, children continue to get acquainted with various types vehicles: trucks and cars, route vehicles (buses, trolleybuses, trams). The children look at illustrations of cars and watch transport while walking. They already know that vehicles have different “dimensions”. Here it is appropriate to practice the child’s ability to “see” a large vehicle (standing or slowly moving) as an object that may hide danger behind itself. Using various illustrations and visual aids, it is important to teach children to find such objects on the road themselves (vehicles, trees, bushes, snowdrifts). And then, during practical exercises, develop the habit of getting out from behind objects that interfere with your view, carefully looking around.
Talking about the purpose of route vehicles, the teacher introduces children to the rules of behavior in public transport, subsequently consolidating the acquired knowledge in practice. The ability to behave correctly in public transport should become a habit.
In the middle group, reinforcing the concepts of “sidewalk” and “roadway,” children become familiar with the places where cars and people move, and practice the skill of walking on the sidewalk, sticking to the right).
It will be new for them to talk about the pedestrian crossing and its purpose. Children must learn to find it in illustrations in books and on models. After that, you should explain to children the importance of correct behavior at the pedestrian crossing itself and when approaching it (stop at some distance from the edge of the roadway, carefully examine the roadway, turning your head to the left and then to the right, when moving to the middle of the road, control the situation on the left, and from the middle of the road - on the right).
Both in the middle group and further in the senior group, it is necessary to regularly practice the skills of crossing the roadway during practical classes. The easiest way to do this is in the game. In a group or on a playground, mark the roadway, sidewalks and crosswalk. Each child should approach a pedestrian crossing, stop at some distance from it, carefully examine the roadway, turning his head to the left and then to the right, making sure that there is no traffic, go to the pedestrian crossing, when moving to the middle of the road, control the situation on the left, and the middle of the road is on the right. All children’s actions should be brought to automaticity; correct behavior at a pedestrian crossing should become a habit.
In high school, then in preparatory group children should receive a clear understanding that traffic rules are aimed at preserving the life and health of people, therefore everyone is obliged to comply with them.
It is necessary to develop a positive attitude towards the law in children. It's like a smallpox vaccination, only at the mental level.
So, in the first junior group, children get acquainted with vehicles: trucks and cars, public transport. Determine what parts the machines consist of. Learn to distinguish between red and green colors. Therefore, the play corner should have
Vehicles set
Illustrations depicting vehicles
Red and green circles, model of a pedestrian traffic light.
Attributes to role-playing game“Transport” (multi-colored steering wheels, hats of different types of cars, badges, vests with the image of a particular type of transport, etc.)
Didactic games “Assemble a car” (of 4 parts), “Put the car in the garage”, “Traffic light”.
In the second junior group, children continue to work on recognizing vehicles, become familiar with the rules of behavior in public transport, consolidate the ability to distinguish between red, yellow, and green colors, and become familiar with the concepts of “sidewalk” and “roadway.” Therefore, to the items available in the road safety corner of the first junior group, you should add:
Pictures for the game on classifying modes of transport “What passengers are traveling on”, “Find the same picture”.
The simplest street layout (preferably large), where the sidewalk and roadway are marked
Layout of a transport traffic light (planar).
For the guys middle group The conversation about the pedestrian crossing and its purpose, right-hand traffic on the sidewalk and roadway will be new. In addition, children 4-5 years old should clearly understand that when the traffic light turns green for pedestrians and allows them to move, for drivers at that time the red traffic light turns on - prohibiting. When the green light for drivers turns on and allows cars to move, the red light flashes for pedestrians. The road safety corner must include:
Battery operated traffic light with switching signals
Didactic games “Find your color”, “Assemble a traffic light”
A pedestrian crossing must be marked on the street layout.
In the older group, children learn a lot of new things about road traffic. It is at this age that one gets acquainted with such large and complex topics as “Crossroads” and “Road signs”. Therefore, in the road safety corner the following should appear:
A mock-up of an intersection, with the help of which children will be able to solve complex logical problems on road safety and practice skills safe passage roadway at an intersection. It is desirable that this model has removable objects, then the children themselves will be able to model the street.
Also, a set of road signs is required, which necessarily includes such road signs as: informational signs - “Pedestrian crossing”, “Underground pedestrian crossing”, “Bus and (or) trolleybus stop”; warning signs – “Children”; prohibitory signs - “Pedestrian traffic is prohibited”, “Bicycle traffic is prohibited”; mandatory signs – “Pedestrian path”, “Bicycle path”; priority signs – “Main road”, “Give way”; service signs – “Hospital”, “Telephone”, “Food station”. It's good to have small signs on stands for working with the layout, and larger signs on stands for creative, role-playing games.
Didactic games: “What do the signs say?”, “Guess the sign”, “Where is the sign hidden?”, “Crossroads”, “Our street”
In addition, for children senior group introduce you to the work of a traffic controller. This means that in the traffic police corner there should be diagrams of the traffic controller’s gestures, a didactic game “What does the baton say?”, and the attributes of a traffic police inspector: baton, cap.
In the preparatory group, children encounter problematic situations on the roads (so-called road “traps”), and children’s knowledge about the Rules of the Road is already being systematized. The contents of the corner are more complicated:
A file of “dangerous situations” is being collected (you can make an improvised TV or computer to display them)
A window is being organized for issuing driver's licenses to those who have passed the traffic rules exam.
In all groups it is good to have a flannelgraph - for simulating situations on the road, as well as a set of transparencies on various topics.
The corner can be designed like this:
1. A single stand (dimensions depend on the availability of free space and the amount of information placed, but not less than 30*65 cm).
2. A set of components, each of which is designed to contain separate information
3. Folding book
To attract the attention of parents when decorating a corner, it is recommended to use bright, attention-grabbing slogans, for example:
“The price of haste is the life of your child”
“Attention – we are your children!”
“The child has the right to live!”
“It’s stupid to save your time at the expense of the child’s life”
Considering the important role of parents in teaching children traffic rules, the corner for parents should contain:
1. Information about the state of road traffic injuries in the city
2. Causes of road accidents involving children
4. List and description of games aimed at consolidating children’s existing knowledge of traffic rules
5. Children's stories about behavior on the road when driving to kindergarten and back with their parents
Thus, teaching children the rules and safety of road traffic is a systematic and purposeful process, during which students acquire the knowledge, skills and abilities necessary for safe movement.
Consultation for educators “Interaction with parents on teaching preschoolers traffic rules”
The ability to move on the street and follow traffic rules must be taught from early childhood. Children with early age attracts the diversity of the environment: houses, streets, pedestrians and vehicles moving along them. Observing street life in itself does not ensure the formation of correct ideas about the rules of the road. It is difficult for children to independently learn the ABCs of traffic, understand the changing of traffic lights, and understand their meaning. The ego forces us to start teaching children the rules of behavior on the street in a timely manner. Compliance with the rules is the result of general education. Research by psychologists shows that children have a gap in theoretical knowledge and its practical application.
His health and life largely depend on how well a child learns the rules of the road and begins to follow them accurately, and not just remember them.
Therefore it is very important to in this direction work with preschoolers, collaborate with parents.
The life of children, their health, care for them is the most important issue for us. Everyone who directly communicates with children is obliged to help them grow into disciplined pedestrians and protect them from accidents; this is the duty of every adult. First of all, parents must lead by example, so it is necessary to remind parents of the rules of the road through recommendations, reminders, and information sheets in parent corners. Necessary in everyone parent's corner have a well-designed corner of the traffic police inspector, the information of which will remind:
You should not cross the road in front of nearby vehicles, as this may lead to an accident;
you should give way to moving vehicles, because the driver will not be able to prevent trouble;
we must remember that the driver and pedestrian are equal participants in the movement;
Mutual respect between driver and pedestrian means accident-free roads and the elimination of road accidents.
It is important for both adults and children to know that the largest number of road accidents occur due to the fault of pedestrians. The causes of the accident are:
crossing in front of nearby traffic; crossing in a prohibited place; pedestrian inattention;
walking along the roadway if there is a sidewalk.
There is a clear dependence of the number of incidents in the city on time within a day, within a month and within a week. The greatest number of accidents occurs during rush hours, especially in evening time when pedestrians and drivers are tired.
Among the victims of road accidents, more than 20% are children aged 7 to 12 years. Misfortunes especially often occur on the warmest days of spring and at the beginning of the school year, immediately after the school holidays. This usually happens close to home - about half of the cases are within a radius of 600 meters from home. IN big cities The number of children who become victims of road traffic accidents is particularly high.
Therefore, it is very important that parents are active participants in the process of teaching children the rules of the road. They should consolidate children’s knowledge acquired in kindergarten and introduce children to the rules of safe behavior on the road. They can be recommended to do this through observation on the road, through discussion with the child of various road situations. The ability to apply traffic rules is also developed in children by looking at pictures, reading books, and performing certain simple tasks. When reading fiction, you need to remember that the correct perception of a work of art depends on the level children's performance. Therefore, after reading, it is necessary to once again draw the children’s attention to what they should not do on the road and on the street. Parents should be told that by the end preschool childhood Children should know the answers to the following questions:
1. What parts does the street consist of?
2. What is an intersection?
3. Why are sidewalks needed?
4. How should pedestrians behave on sidewalks?
5. When and where can you cross the street?
6. Why do we need a traffic light?
7. What do red, yellow, green colors traffic lights?
8. Why can’t you run across the street in front of a moving car?
9. How should you behave when getting off the bus?
10. Where can you ride a bike?
11. Where should passengers wait for transport?
12. What do road signs mean and what are they for?
In order for a parent to help a child learn the rules of the road, he himself must be literate in these matters; know and follow the rules of safe movement, be a personal example, since an adult is responsible for the life of a child.
In order to once again remind parents of some rules of behavior on the road, recommendations have been developed.
In addition to information sheets, memos and recommendations, you can interact with parents through general meetings, through seminars and workshops, through the participation of parents in leisure evenings with children according to traffic rules. It is very good if, in the work on studying traffic rules with preschoolers, activities are provided for parents, for example, meetings with a traffic police inspector are organized at the kindergarten, a school for parents on safety, where parents can increase the level of their competencies on this problem.
Among the many interesting methods of interaction with parents today, one that stands out is project activities. This is a very effective method of interaction with children, which allows preschoolers to be active subjects of the educational process.
Teaching children the rules of the road will have a very good results only when the preschooler, together with his parents, can go through all the circles of information support. The main thing for educators and parents in introducing preschoolers to the rules of the road is to convey to children the meaning, the need for knowledge and skills on this issue. And it is always necessary to remember that a child learns the laws of the roads, following the example of family members and other adults.
Consultation for teachers
“Formation of the fundamentals of traffic rules in different age groups»
“What should a teacher know about traffic rules”
Every teacher should know the rules of the road well in order to competently drive educational work with children and parents, ensure your own safety.
1. Pedestrians are only allowed to walk on sidewalks, keeping to the right
2. Where there are no sidewalks, you need to walk along the edge of the roadway, along the left edge of the road, facing traffic in order to see moving traffic and step aside in time
3. Pedestrians are required to cross the street only at a pace at pedestrian crossings, with marked lines or a “pedestrian crossing” sign, and not at intersections with unmarked crossings - along the sidewalk line
4. Before leaving the roadway when two-way traffic, you must ensure complete safety.
5. It is prohibited for moving vehicles to cross the path or step out onto the roadway from behind vehicles.
6. At crossing points where traffic is regulated, pedestrians must cross the street only when the traffic light is green or the traffic controller gives permission (when he turns sideways towards us)
7. In places where crossings are not marked and where traffic is not regulated, pedestrians must in all cases give way to approaching traffic. It is prohibited to cross the street near a roundabout or sharp turn.
8. Groups of children are allowed to be driven only on the sidewalk, in no more than two rows (children walk hand in hand). There should be escorts with red flags in front and behind the column.
9. Children may only be transported on buses whose doors and windows must be closed. Have a “Children” identification sign on the windshield.
Cycling (scooter, rollerblading) within the city.
Ask the children who has a bicycle, scooter, roller skates or skateboard and who has ever ridden them. Ask them to tell them where, in their opinion, they can ride and where they can’t, and what rules they need to follow.
It is also advisable to organize a discussion of possible dangerous situations, involving personal experience children, cases from life.
Need to consider three types of situations:
1. Dangerous for the children themselves if they ride a bicycle or rollerblade along the roadway of a street or yard
2. Dangerous for pedestrians (for example, you can run over, push, or spray a pedestrian with water from a puddle)
3. And finally, situations involving falls and injuries.
As a result of the conversation, children should firmly understand the following rules:
1. Bicycles (roller skates) can only be ridden on the sidewalk; You cannot drive onto the roadway of a street or yard
2. While riding, children must behave correctly towards passers-by: sound the horn in time, take precautions (slow down when passing small children, women with children, elderly people)
3. In case of bruise or injury when falling from a bicycle or scooter, you must immediately contact an adult to provide first aid.
3-4 years
1. Means of transportation characteristic of our area, their name.
2. Parts of a car, truck.
3. Traffic rules:
Behavior on the street
Behavior in public transport
Traffic signals
Developmental environment:
1. Layout: sidewalk, roadway, traffic light.
3. Attributes for the didactic and role-playing game “We are pedestrians”
4. Didactic game “Assemble a car”, “Traffic light”.
S. Mikhalkov “Traffic Light”, “Bunny Cyclist”
"The street is noisy"
4-5 years
1. Knowledge of public transport, familiarity with freight transport.
2. Knowledge of the street: roadway, sidewalk, intersection, pedestrian crossing, traffic island.
3. Road signs: no signal, first aid station, food station, gas station, pedestrian crossing.
4. Traffic rules: crossing the street as a pedestrian, behavior in public transport, what the signs say.
Developmental environment
1. Layout: intersection, zebra crossing, traffic island.
2. Large and small road signs.
3. Pictures for the classification of modes of transport
4. Folding book for parents “What children should know about traffic rules
5. Flannelograph: cars, road signs
Fiction:
1. N. Nosov “Car”
2. Dorokhov “Fence along the sidewalk”
5-6 years
1. Familiarity with prohibitory and prescriptive signs.
2. Studying the work of a traffic controller
3. Formation in children of the ability to freely navigate the road
4. Establish rules of behavior in public transport.
Developmental environment:
1. Layout: different types of intersections
3. Attributes sr games: staff, caps, car caps.
4. Did. games: “Smart signs”, “What kind of cars are there”, “What does he talk about...”
Fiction:
N. Nosov “Kiryusha gets into trouble”
6-7 years
1. Teach children to follow traffic rules
2. Establish rules of behavior on the street:
Walk only on sidewalks and pedestrian paths, keeping to the right
Cross the street correctly at crossings, do not play on the roadway
Developmental environment:
1. Layout with different types of intersections
2. Albums " Different types transport"
3. Didactic games “Guess what sign”, “What the traffic controller is showing”, “What people drive”, “Modes of transport”, “Find and name”.
Fiction:
1. N. Nosov “Car”
2. Yurlein “Curious Mouse”
3. Konchalovskaya N “Scooter”
Olga Mikhailovna
Target: note educators to organize work with children preschool age according to traffic rules.
“Red man – we’re standing, green man – we’re going”.
In most families, parents begin to explain with this phrase traffic rules for your children. On modern streets, the number of cars is increasing every day, and accordingly, the number of accidents is increasing. Therefore, today this issue has become even more relevant and acute. This means that the child must learn as effectively as possible for his age. The first helpers in this are, of course, parents and preschool teachers educational institutions.
What should a child learn in order for him to develop skills? proper behavior on the street? There are many factors involved. Children must learn to understand what is involved traffic what are the elements roads(road, roadway, sidewalk, pedestrian crossing, roadside, intersection). It is very good if children can distinguish between types of vehicles (bus, tram, trolleybus, car and truck, bicycle, motorcycle). Also, the children need to be told about the means of regulation. movement and the colors of traffic lights. Little pedestrians should know traffic rules along sidewalks and roadsides and rules crossing the roadway. Important in the learning process traffic rules for preschoolers is also the study rules of conduct, boarding and disembarking on public transport. And the main thing that children must remember and understand is that under no circumstances should they go for a walk without adults.
In the case where parents are involved in teaching, the optimal option would be unobtrusive stories during walks, clearly using traffic situations. The child needs to be told in his own words about traffic rules and only in those volumes that he is able to assimilate. Walking down the street with a child, you need to talk to him about the types of vehicles that are nearby at that moment, explain their features. When crossing the street, you need to mention how and where you can Right cross the roadway, remember how and where not to do this. Effective on the process perception child information about traffic rules will influence the indication to pedestrians or drivers who these the rules were broken.
A very important point in learning is the development spatial representation and ideas about speed movement. The child must learn to navigate in space, understanding such concepts as close, far, left, on right, behind, along the way movement. The baby also needs correctly perceive the speed of movement, both transport and pedestrians: fast, slow, turns, stops.
During the learning process, it is very important not to frighten the child with the street and transport. After all, such fear is just as dangerous for a baby as carelessness or inattention. On the contrary, it is necessary to develop in him attention, composure, responsibility, confidence and caution. Very effective method teaching children traffic rules is also reading poems, riddles, children's books dedicated to safety movement.
The task is to train preschoolers traffic rules also lies with teachers preschool educational institutions. It consists of providing basic knowledge and quality preparation of children for school, because very often first-graders have to go to school on their own. should be presented to children according to a system that includes classes, walks, excursions and observations. All knowledge must be communicated to children taking into account their age and environmental conditions. Gradually they should be supplemented, complicated and refined. In order to consolidate the acquired knowledge, it should be organized play activity children, during which they learn to apply the acquired knowledge in practice.
When teaching children in preschool educational institutions traffic rules there must be various teaching materials. This is a children's art and methodological literature, notes directly organized educational activities, paintings, posters, manuals, didactic games, multimedia.
It is very good if special parking areas are equipped on the territory of the kindergarten, which are a small copy roads with several types of intersections. Using in-game vehicles (bicycles, cars with pedals, scooters) At such sites, children receive practical knowledge about traffic rules and road signs .
Exist traffic rules for preschoolers also for accompanied excursions educators and parents. On foot movements Children usually line up in two rows and walk only on the sidewalk or curb. Go to the road necessary only in the required places, while teacher must stand in the middle roads hold the red flag until all the children have crossed to the other side.
Whoever teaches the children traffic rules, be it parents or preschool teachers educational institutions, it is important to remember that the greatest influence on the formation of a child’s behavior on the street is the corresponding behavior of adults. After all, it’s not enough to just read, tell, teach a child, you need to show him how to do it by example. behave correctly on the street. Otherwise everything purposeful learning becomes meaningless.
Publications on the topic:
In accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard for Educational Education, the tasks of psychological and pedagogical work are to develop the physical, intellectual and personal qualities of children.
Summary of an open lesson in the 2nd junior group on traffic rules “Pinocchio teaches traffic rules” Goals and objectives: 1. To develop knowledge about the road, road signs and their purpose. 2. Learn to recognize and name a traffic light, its signals and actions.
Consultation for parents and educators on traffic rules. Fostering a culture of street behavior is a pressing task today. Discipline and organization of stay on the streets and roads.
Consultation for educators “What should a educator know about traffic rules?” Consultation for educators “What should a educator know about traffic rules?” According to statistics, on Russian roads every day.
