Fabric of natural origin. It is obtained from the cocoon of an insect pupa, which is called the “silkworm”. Nowadays, you can find not only natural, but also artificial silk, as well as material with the addition of synthetics.

Silk fibers were first produced in China. It was in the Celestial Empire that a special technology for manufacturing this wonderful material was discovered back in the 5th millennium BC. For a long time it was kept in the strictest confidence.

There are a huge number of types of silk fabrics. Their main differences are in their weaving technology, which gives them unique features and appearance.

Satin is a shiny and dense silk fabric. The surface of the satin is usually smooth, but the material can also be patterned. The satin has a characteristic shine, the front side resembles gloss. This effect is achieved using a special production technology.

The type of weaving of this fabric, like raw silk itself, was invented in China. Together with the technique of producing material from silkworm cocoons, this knowledge came first to Central Asia and then to Europe, where the material became widespread.

Gas (illusion gas, rice gas, marabou gas, crystal gas)

This is a translucent silk fabric, which is achieved by the large space between its threads. The gas is very light and soft. In production different types patterned, smooth and diagonal weaving is used.

Illusion gas is the thinnest and almost transparent material, reminiscent of a light cobweb. Made from the finest silk yarn. Curtains, light scarves, and elements of wedding decorations are made from it.

Gas-rice is light, transparent and slightly rough. The texture is achieved thanks to a special rice weave. Hence the name.

Gas marabou is a rather rigid golden material made from raw silk, made from tightly twisted threads. It was widespread at the beginning of the 18th century. Used for sewing fluffy women's dresses.

Gas crystal has a bright shine. In its production, multi-colored threads are used, causing the surface to shimmer like gems. In France, chic ball gowns were made from it.

Crepe

The name of the material is translated from French as “wavy”, “rough”. When making crepe, the threads are twisted left and right, alternating in a certain way.

This fabric is characterized by an uneven surface. The texture is somewhat similar to sand.

The crepe drapes perfectly, lays down in beautiful waves, and does not wrinkle. Things made from it last a very long time.

In addition to silk crepe, it can be made of cotton, wool blend, or synthetic. Nowadays it is used mainly for women's dresses.

Thin translucent lightweight fabric made from . It comes in matte and glossy. Patterns are embroidered on organza and original designs are applied using printing. Suits are often made from it oriental dance and curtains.

Silk-Satin

Satin comes from the word "zaytuni" - the Arabic name for Quanzhou harbor in China, the birthplace of this fabric. Silk-satin has a smooth, dense surface, which is characterized by a beautiful shine. Bed linen is made from it Men's shirts, lining.

Silk-satin is made from two types of material - 100% cotton sateen and pure silk. The weave density of this fabric is 170–220 threads per 1 square meter. cm.

Important! Linen made from silk-satin is very strong and durable. It can withstand over 200 washes, does not fray, and is cheaper than silk. .

Fabric made from tightly twisted silk and cotton threads. Synthetic fibers are often involved in production. Taffeta is distinguished by its high density and rigidity. Forms brittle folds, which allows you to achieve additional volume and fluffiness.

The toile is distinguished by high density and delicate shine. This fabric holds its shape excellently and is used as a lining for sewing dresses and ties.

Chiffon

A very thin, airy material made from tightly twisted silk threads. It is transparent, light and flows beautifully. Perfect for sewing summer blouses and light scarves.

Chesucha (wild silk)

Chesucha is a wild dense silk with an amazing texture. In production, threads of unequal thickness are used, which form such a surface. It is durable, drapes well, but requires delicate care. Chesucha is used in sewing curtains and various clothes.

Foulard is most often used as a finishing material. Thin and soft silk fabric from which shawls, scarves and scarves are sewn. In the 20th century, dresses, curtains and lampshades were also made from foulard.

Dense curtain fabric of medium hardness, with a pleasant shine. This exclusive fabric consists almost entirely of natural silk. DuPont made in India is especially valued. Wedding and evening dresses, accessories and expensive bed linen.

Silk fabric made using crepe weaving. The front surface of crepe georgette is shiny and rough.

Important! The difference between crepe georgette and other types of crepe is the direction of weaving. During production, the warp and weft threads are twisted in different directions. This makes it dense, but light and elastic.

During the era of balls, fashionable women's toilets were made from crepe georgette. Now this fabric is not so popular. It is used to make draped curtains, as well as some models of skirts, blouses and scarves.

Type of silk crepe fabric - h grainy with crepe twisting technology. It has a moderate shine, is dense and fine. Shawls, suits, and blouses are made from crepe de chine.

Important! Soft flowing folds and draperies are a characteristic feature of this material.

Epontage (or pongee) is distinguished between silk and cotton. The material has an uneven spongy surface with a decorative color pattern in the form of cells, stripes, and melange.

Brocade has always been considered the fabric of nobles, royalty and church ministers. This heavy material is made from silk with a complex pattern made with metal thread. Previously, the pattern was made with threads from alloys of gold and silver. This explains the high cost of the material.

Nowadays, patterns on brocade are embroidered not only from hard metal threads. Use threads made of linen, silk or cotton.

Muslin is made from high-wrap natural silk. The material is transparent and thin. Used for sewing theatrical costumes and dresses.

Twill(Italian sargia, French serge; from Latin sericus - “silk”) - twill production technology - weaving threads diagonally. Each subsequent thread offsets the intersection by 2 or more other threads. Twill is produced plain-dyed or printed. Used as lining, technical or dress fabric, for sewing workwear.

Excelsior, excelsior

Plain weave silk fabric with a distinct sheen, fine and transparent. In production, untwisted thread is used. Excelsior drapes well. The fabric is quite beautiful. It is used by designers who work with batik, as well as those who create silk flowers and decorative elements.

Charmeuse is very similar to satin. Both have a smooth front surface with a characteristic shine. The difference can be determined by feeling the material: charmeuse is thinner and softer than satin.

Silk cambric contains approximately 3% silk, which gives things shine. Plain weave is used for its production. Batiste flows beautifully and forms elegant folds. Good for long dresses.

Whatever type of silk you choose, the main thing is to avoid synthetic fakes and you can be confident in the quality of the product. Silk does not cause allergies, and clothes made from it proper care will please you for many years.

Fine, glossy plain-weave silk or cotton fabric

First letter "t"

Second letter "a"

The third letter "f"

The last letter of the letter is "a"

Answer for the question "A thin, glossy silk or cotton fabric with a plain weave", 5 letters:
taffeta

Alternative crossword questions for the word taffeta

Cotton fabric with cross ribs

"crispy" silk

(Persian taffeta - woven) thick cotton or silk fabric with small transverse ribs or patterns on a matte background

Silk fabric

Fine glossy silk fabric

and. Persian smooth, fine silk fabric

Definition of the word taffeta in dictionaries

Wikipedia Meaning of the word in the Wikipedia dictionary
Tafta (in the upper reaches - Taftitsa) is a river in the Vologda region of Russia. It flows through the territory of Syamzhensky and Totemsky districts. At its confluence with the Vozhbal River near the village of Krasny Bor, it forms the Tsareva River 46 km from its mouth, being the right component. The length of the river...

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. S.I.Ozhegov, N.Yu.Shvedova. The meaning of the word in the dictionary Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language. S.I.Ozhegov, N.Yu.Shvedova.
-s, ace. Thin, glossy silk or cotton fabric with a plain weave. adj. taffeta, -aya, -oh.

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998 The meaning of the word in the dictionary Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998
TAFTE (from the Persian taffeta - woven) thick cotton or silk fabric with small transverse scars or patterns on a matte background. Men's shirts are made from cotton taffeta, women's dresses, from silk - blouses, skirts, etc.

Examples of the use of the word taffeta in literature.

Horned animals and two-headed birds, elephants and lions, wriggling, opening their long mouths, serpents among herbs and flowers, bewitching with their complex interweaving, cloth and velvets, aksamite and zendyan, smooth satins and iridescent silks, patterned taffeta and various stones - there was so much to see here!

Yes, of course, luxury necessary and proper for a Russian metropolitan in church utensils and precious vestments, in a shrine with icons of Novgorod, Suzdal, Greek and ancient Kiev letters, in mitres, staves, tabernacles, vessels made of silver, alabaster, foreign stone and glass, in waxed floors, mica painted with herbs on windows, patterned curtains taffeta- was complied with.

“There is no crack,” the doctor responded, “but, obviously, gutta-percha is under the influence high temperature melted and taffeta began to let hydrogen pass through.

Prokhor again got a patterned shirt taffeta, Fede - boots, for the little ones - painted horses and a bag of snacks - patterned gingerbread cookies, raisins, walnuts and other city delicacies.

They were all dressed warmly, but the sweepers and cleaners wore woolen skirts, woolen shawls over blouses and heavy wooden shoes, while ladies wore dresses from taffeta or silks reaching to the floor, were shod in soft leather shoes, and their necks and hair are decorated with jewels.

Our grandmothers and great-grandmothers sewed their wardrobes themselves, and they could tell us a lot about various fabrics. They already knew a lot about what materials were best to make a dress or blouse from. Most ladies in those days did an excellent job of making home textiles: bedding sets, curtains and tablecloths. They not only beautifully sewed all these household items, but also decorated it with embroidery and other decorations.

The mass passion for sewing is a thing of the past. Nowadays this activity can be classified as a hobby - you don’t see it very often. Few women can talk about what kind of fabric is in their hands.

The textile industry amazes modern fashionistas with an abundance of new products. Fabrics are becoming high-tech and multifunctional. However, they are usually based on schemes and techniques developed a century ago.

What is plain weave?

Plain weave is one of the main types of fiber combination patterns. It is with the help of this textile technique that a large number of types of fabrics are produced from various natural and other types of weaves are obtained through various variations or combinations of their main types.

Not only the appearance of the fabric, but also its mechanical, physical and technological characteristics depend on the nature of the weave. In order to understand the issue of fabric formation, first let's look at the basic textile concepts.

Basic textile concepts

The longitudinal threads are called warp, and the transverse threads are called weft. In the structure of the fabric, they intertwine and form an overlap, indicated in weaving patterns by the symbol n F. The main crossing n FO is the place on the face of the fabric where the warp fibers are located above the weft. In the weft overlap n F Y the opposite picture is observed. Here the warp threads lie under the weft threads.

Weaves in textiles are usually designated in the form of a pattern, which is presented in two colors. The vertical rows contain warp threads, and the horizontal rows contain weft threads. They are arranged in a certain order and form one or another type of crossing. Dark-colored cells usually indicate the main overlaps, and light-colored ones indicate the weft ones.

There is a certain order in parsing a diagram. Warp threads are counted from left to right, and weft threads are counted from bottom to top. When drawing up and reading diagrams, the concept of repeat R is used. This denotes the number of overlaps of the weft and warp fibers, which alternate at a certain interval. Rapports are made simple and understandable. Weave repeats are distinguished by warp threads R o and weft threads R Y .

Also in the compilation of weaving patterns there is the concept of shift S. This term denotes the number of threads by which a single overlap is removed from a similar one. There is a vertical shift S o along the warp and S Y along the weft.

How is plain weave made?

Plain weave, the simplest pattern, is characterized by an order in which the weft and warp threads cross each other in every second successive overlap. This means that it has the least possible rapport.

Therefore, it is believed that the plain weave of threads is the primary source of all modifications of weaving patterns. It was according to these rules that the first materials were made by our ancestors.

There is a certain rapport that characterizes plain weave. Its scheme is described in the form of formulas:

• R O = R Y = 2 threads;
• nFO = nFY = 1;
• S O = S Y = 1.

A plain weave fabric in which the warp thread is significantly thinner than the weft is called false rep. In this case, a transverse scar is formed. Experts classify it as a type of weave called weft rep. For this type weave types of fabrics such as cotton taffeta and poplin are formed. A simple plain weave serves as the basis for creating a variety of textile products based on a variety of natural raw materials: cotton, linen, silk, wool and other fiber sources.

Cotton fabrics

In which plain weave is very widely used in the textile industry. There are several types of such textiles, which are discussed in more detail below.

Calico

It is also called burmetya or paper canvas. This fabric can be produced in the form of a raw, unfinished fabric; it can also be bleached (linen), plain-dyed or printed. Calico can contain both cotton threads and artificial fibers.

Canvas fabric is used in the modern textile industry and has good wear resistance and can withstand a large number of washes. Canvas fabric has many advantages:

• Excellent hygienic qualities.
• Hypoallergenic.
• Environmental friendliness.
• Ease.
• Low crease index.
• Long-term preservation of the brightness of the picture.
• Affordable price.

It is these qualities that make it possible to produce high-quality everyday and luxury bedding sets from calico.

Chintz

It belongs to light cotton fabrics and can be plain-dyed or printed. Chintz is produced from calico by dyeing and finishing procedures. Typically the density of this fabric is 80-100 g/m2. Chintz is used in the textile industry for making bed linen, shirts for men, and also for light outerwear.

Batiste

This fabric is particularly thin and transparent. The raw materials for the production of cambric are both cotton and flax. This plain weave fabric is made from the finest high count twisted fiber. Batiste can be plain-dyed, bleached, mercerized and printed. Typically this material is used for sewing underwear, light dresses or blouses. Batiste also serves as a semi-finished product for the production of tracing paper.

Calico

This plain weave cotton fabric is made from coarse, unbleached fibers. Most often, calico has a certain grayish tint. It serves as a semi-finished product for the manufacture of other fabrics and materials. If calico fabrics are processed in the necessary way, you can get linen products (muslin, madapolam) or chintz. Various oilcloths and leatherettes are also produced from this raw material.

Flannel

This type of fabric can be made from either cotton or wool or a combination of both. Flannel has a rare double-sided or one-sided fluffy pile and therefore retains heat well. It is soft and pleasant to the touch, and can be bleached, plain-dyed or printed.

Flannel has its drawbacks: it pills when worn for a long time and, due to its high hygroscopicity, takes a long time to dry. This fabric is perfect for demi-season clothing and baby diapers.

Poplin

This type of fabric is double-sided, single-color or patterned. Poplin forms a plain weave from a thin warp and a coarser, rare transverse weft. The result is a small rib, which is characterized by a high warp density, which is 1.5-2 times higher than that of the weft. Poplin can be bleached, printed, variegated or plain-dyed. It has a lot of advantages:

• Keeps its shape well.
• Its surface is pleasant to the touch.
• Thermostatic and hygroscopic.
• High wear resistance.
• Affordable price.

Thanks to these qualities, poplin is widely used to create bed linen, as well as for men's and women's shirts, towels and other products.

Taffeta

This fabric, which uses a plain weave, is thin, dense and has glossy surface. Taffeta is made from tightly twisted fibers, and not only cotton is used, but also silk, as well as synthetic threads. Traditionally, this type of fabric is used for sewing evening and wedding dresses, and various consumer goods.

Linen fabrics

Linen is a fairly hard and dense fabric. It has a smooth surface and matte shine. Linen fabric does not stretch well, especially when wet, and its fibers do not intertwine well with each other.

This material is slightly contaminated, does not form lint and is highly hygroscopic. Linen is a fabric that perfectly supports the natural heat transfer of the human body and is therefore excellent for sewing clothes. In the textile industry, several types of fabrics are made from this material using the plain weave method:

• Beading is a dense fabric intended for the manufacture of lining elements of outerwear.
• Canvas is a heavy fabric made from thick linen thread, which is particularly dense. It repels moisture and has increased wear resistance. It was used to create sails, as well as for sewing water-repellent and specialized clothing. If this fabric is impregnated with a fire-resistant, water-repellent and antifungal composition, you will get a tarpaulin.
• Linen is a smooth linen fabric that has a shiny surface and is used to make dresses and suits.

Silk fabrics

Silk is a very expensive and delicate material. It has long been used to sew the toilets of noble people. Later, with the invention of clothing made from this material, it became available to everyone. In the production of natural and synthetic fabrics, plain weave is also used. Basically, a variety of crepes are made in this way.

This type of fabric is made from fibers with high twist in the left and right directions with a certain alternation. This treatment of the threads gives them elasticity and ensures increased shrinkage of the material. The fabric acquires a finely rough structure.

The main advantage of crepe fabrics is their excellent drapability combined with low wrinkleability, which makes them ideal for making evening dresses for women and men. Plain weave silk fabric comes in the following types:

• Crepe de Chine has a moderate shine. It is relatively thin, but at the same time quite dense. Crepe de Chine is made from silk fibers as a warp, and crepe twisted threads are used as weft. Woolen fabrics can also be used, and Crepe de Chine is widely used for sewing evening and wedding sets.
• Crepe chiffon is an airy thin translucent fabric with a pronounced relief structure. May contain both pure silk and synthetic threads. Crepe chiffon is used to make summer clothing and accessories.
• Crepe georgette is not only thin and transparent, but also elastic. The texture of the fabric is pronounced. Crepe georgette is used for sewing lightweight dresses, shawls and scarves.
• Crepe marroquin is distinguished by the presence of a strongly twisted thread at the base. It has a pronounced relief structure and is made from threads of natural silk, viscose, and wool. Crepe marroquin is mainly used for tailoring suits.

Wool fabrics

Woolen threads are also subjected to plain weave to form certain types of fabrics, the main of which is cloth. This fabric is notable for the fact that on its surface the threads are so knitted and intertwined that all the gaps between the fibers are blocked.

Thus, the fabric becomes like felt. Woolen cloth comes in two types:

• Military clothing is manufactured with strict adherence to technology and is used to create clothing for the military, as well as some special clothing.
• Urban has some differences in technology. It is softer and thinner, and has a wide variety of colors.

The cloth spreads well and does not shift when cutting, does not fray on cuts, and withstands ironing well. However, this material wrinkles during use, can shrink and cannot withstand washing.

As you can see, the plain weave of threads in fabric has given rise to a huge variety of unique and inimitable materials that modern housewives use for sewing clothes, bed linen and other household items. Years pass, eras change, but many of the foundations laid by our ancestors do not lose their relevance to this day.