Speech therapy work with children 3-4 years old. Speech therapy classes for children at home

The main mental processes are mastered by the child during the first years of life, where speech plays an important role. Delays and disturbances in language development in children are, unfortunately, a common occurrence. But experts do not recommend worrying and conducting examinations until the child reaches four years of age, as well as correcting speech. But it is better to start speech therapy classes for children as early as possible. How more years, the more difficult it is to correct deficiencies.

If speech problems occur at the age of 4-5 years, you should consult a doctor. To identify the causes, a speech therapy examination is prescribed. You may need the help of several specialists to work with children: an otolaryngologist, an orthodontist and a neurologist. Based on the data obtained, an analysis of speech defects is carried out. As a result, a diagnosis of ONR, FFF and others is made. There is no need to be afraid of this. The main thing is to prepare for painstaking and patient work in language development. A responsible approach will definitely give positive results.

The causes of violations are divided into groups:

• organic;
• functional.

In each group, disorders are provoked by many factors. Thus, pathologies develop in the prenatal period, as a result of the mother suffering infectious diseases or injuries.

The production of speech depends on the structure of the speech apparatus. There may be a deficiency or excess of teeth, improper alignment, cleft palate, and so on. These problems are inherited. Pathologies also develop as a result of the transmission of infectious viral diseases.

Another reason lies in the tendency of children to copy the speech defects of adults. For example, parents may pronounce the letter “R” incorrectly, causing the baby to repeat mistakes.

Classes for children 2-3 years old

• At the age of 2-3 years, kids imitate the speech of others. They talk actively but unsteadily. However, there are children who stubbornly do not speak or do so in a way that only their parents can understand.
• Speech therapy classes for the youngest are carried out taking into account the psychological and physiological characteristics of this age. The lesson consists of 3-4 exercises and does not last more than 20 minutes.
• Children 2-3 years old study only when they are interested in something. Therefore, exercises for speech development are supplemented with visual aids. The lesson is implemented through the game. Then, when the child is emotionally uplifted, he will want to repeat the words.

Special games for silent people

They highlight two areas:

• formed general imitation;
• developing general imitation.

By copying adults, the baby learns their experience, skills and abilities. General imitation means the repetition of facial expressions, movements and actions.

Work with a silent child is carried out in the following sequence:

• encourage him to repeat the movements (exercises with raising his arms, stamping his feet and clapping his hands);
• the next step of development is sequential movements (the flight of a bird, which then lands and looks for grains);
• at the final stage, they are attracted to toys with which they perform the same sequential actions.

To form an imitation of sounds and speech with non-speaking children, you need to repeat the same syllables, words and phrases many times, highlighting them. The baby is asked to reproduce what was said and positively perceives any type of response.

Speech therapy classes that focus on speech imitation are carried out in the following order:

• pronouncing sounds;
• words and syllables with semantic load;
• words;
• short phrases.

The play form is suitable not only for silent children, but also for little ones who speak indistinctly and unclearly. In addition to exercises, riddles, sayings and rhymes are added to them. It is useful for development to make movements that accompany phrases and are appropriate in meaning.

There is no need to require a 2-3 year old child to pronounce clear sounds. Much more important is the formation of the communicative function of language.

Classes for children 4-5 years old

At this age, it is time to prepare your child for school. There should be no problems with pronouncing sounds.

If the baby speaks incorrectly, you need to figure out which sounds there are violations in the pronunciation of. You can try asking your child to repeat words that have a difficult sound. Examples:

• “s” - sun, dog;
• “z” - zebra, hare;
• “sh” - chocolate, ball;
• “ch” - cup, suitcase;
• “ts” - heron, king;
• "r" - rocket, fish.

It is better to offer the pronunciation of sounds separately.

Before pronouncing each of them, do articulation gymnastics near the mirror. Then the speech apparatus is not only felt, but also seen.

After pronouncing the sounds, they move on to working with syllables. If this is all right, the child is asked to repeat whole words containing complex sounds. The lesson is reinforced with free speech using them. This stage is continued until the baby learns to speak correctly.

You need to prepare for the fact that such classes last several months until the production of sounds becomes competent.

Principles of developing correct speech

Conditions are created for the formation of the correct language. It has long been proven that the production speech activity promote physical exercise and games.

• Even with a baby, it is useful to talk and praise his attempts to say something. For the correct development of children, parents are advised to react to these manifestations in a balanced and calm manner.
• The structure of the language in adults must be correct. Children of 2-3 years old are told “tu-tu” and “am-am”, and at 4-5 years old it is useful for them to hear correct speech using literary language and correct pronunciation.
• For constant development, the child comes up with new stories and fills his life with positive impressions. The more the baby wants to share emotions using language, the faster the period of preparatory work passes.

Types of speech therapy classes

In addition to home lessons, preschoolers are taught at preschool educational institutions. If necessary, work continues at school. It is effective for children with delayed speech development, writing and reading disorders, OSD, FPD, and dysarthria.

There are numerous notes on the Internet speech therapy sessions, developed by professionals. The card index includes the study of all kinds of speech problems. On their basis, speech therapists work with preschoolers in kindergartens - in the senior and preparatory groups. Parents also use them to conduct classes at home.

Classes at preschool educational institutions are:

• In the group, tasks are given to children who have a similar structure of the defect.
• Frontal exercise involves children doing the same work.
• And in individual lessons, the child is taught correct pronunciation.

Structure of a lesson with children suffering from ODD

Let's look at a specific example of a lesson in kindergarten, with a child in a senior or preparatory group. The main point of conducting a lesson correctly is the open establishment of an emotional connection. Speech therapy classes begin with a greeting, which puts you in a positive mood so that the exercises are perceived in a positive way. The baby is encouraged and praised for any activity.

General underdevelopment of speech, or GSD, implies disturbances in the production of sounds or the semantic system of language. The disease sometimes accompanies more serious illnesses, such as alalia, rhinolalia, dysarthria, mental retardation, etc. This is important to consider when organizing a lesson.

Each speech therapist has a file cabinet with lessons in which there is a statement for each case. After conducting the analysis, he draws up a work program for development.

Let's take an example of a lesson aimed at children preparatory group six years from general underdevelopment speech.

The objectives of the lesson are:

• consolidation of subject vocabulary;
• distinction between children's, women's and men's clothing;
• exercises;
• memorizing poems;
• fixing colors and shapes;
• development of attention, memory;
• analysis and synthesis;
• staging fine motor skills through self-massage;
• development of confidence and independence.

To conduct the lesson, equipment is prepared to help children visually perceive information. It includes: toys; textile; paper with pencils; coloring books; Pictures; individual cards for tasks.

The lesson can be structured as follows.

1. Arrangements are being made for children. For example, the guys stand in a circle and the next steps are explained to them.
2. Self-massage of the face is performed. The speech therapist reads a poem and shows the movements that the children repeat.
3. The main part is implemented in a game form, when a task is presented that meets the objectives of the lesson.
4. Exercises are being performed.
5. A poem is memorized to remember those objects that participated in the exercises.
6. The lesson is summarized.

The little man speaks unsteadily. Therefore, the structure of the language risks being disrupted under the influence of various negative factors. If a problem is detected, you must contact a speech therapist.

It is advisable to conduct individual speech therapy sessions. If this is not possible, then group lessons will be beneficial, but will not replace working with your child at home. The main foundations of development, language development, etc., are laid not in kindergarten and school, but in the family.

Delays in speech development can be caused by a variety of reasons. Some of them lie in the biological area of ​​the child’s life. Disturbances in the development of the hearing system, late development of speech skills due to hereditary characteristics, frequent illnesses of the baby. Other reasons are hidden in the social plane, when parents pay little attention to the child, a negative atmosphere reigns in the family, the baby grows up in an atmosphere of misunderstanding and negligent attitude towards parental responsibilities.

Lack of parental attention may be one of the reasons for delayed speech development

Why may a child not speak at 2-3 years old?

The reason for the silence of a 2-3 year old child should be looked for not only in anatomical pathologies; the manner of communication between the parents and the child also matters a lot. Some mothers surround their little ones overprotectiveness, which leads to lack of demand for speech. As soon as the baby wishes for something, the mother makes the wish come true. By actively using gestures and facial expressions when communicating with children aged 1-3 years, you involuntarily slow down their speech development.

It is a mistake to think that being in an environment rich in information media (TV, radio), a child will learn to speak faster. The chaotic flow of speech forms a “curtain of noise” that the child does not perceive.

Moreover, when trying to speak, the baby utters long, meaningless phrases, imitating what he heard from the TV or radio. Parents should learn to talk to their child, and not talk in front of him or entertain him with cartoons.

It is difficult to develop speech skills where parents justify the lack of communication by lack of time or simply do not want to talk much with the baby. It is a mistake to rely on speech therapists and kindergarten teachers, because children acquire their first speech skills in the family. In addition, the development of fine motor skills and articulation is important for babies. Regular exercises (self-massage of hands, finger exercises, didactic games) help improve speech.

The cartoons that kids love so much can actually slow down their speech development.

Seven simple and wise tips from speech therapists will help adults correctly structure their communication with their child so that his speech develops quickly. Let's list each of them:

1. Support and encourage the child's activity, openly express joy when the baby tries to pronounce sounds and syllables.
2. Help your treasure, buy educational games. Puzzles, cut-out pictures, cubes with pictures, insert games will help develop fine motor skills.
3. Come up with finger games for your little one. The fingertips are replete with nerve endings that influence the stimulation of the motor area of ​​the brain. Invented a long time ago simple game, in which each finger is given the name of a family member. Touch your baby's fingers and come up with different stories so that all the fingers are included in the plot.
4. Be sure to read books with your child, tell him fairy tales, memorize poems, and sing songs. Take as your assistant the works of famous children's writers (Mikhalkov, Barto, Bianchi, Marshak, Chukovsky).
5. Discuss everything you see with your child in detail. Where the car is going, why the bird is singing cheerfully outside the window, what dad’s job is, what the kids are playing in the yard - any event or action must be accompanied by detailed verbal explanations.
6. Tell your child about domestic and wild animals, teach him the “language” of animals and birds. The cows say “moo-moo”, the sparrow chirps “chick-chirp”.
7. Memorize with your child funny children's poems about “The Thief Magpie”, the clumsy bear, about Tanya and her ball. Call your grandmothers for help, they usually know a lot of these poems.

Basics for speech development at home

Basic home exercises will help you develop your child’s speech (more details in the article:). The simplest of them is “tell mom.” The exercise is used in communication with small children, under the age of one year, who are just learning to reproduce sounds. For older children, more complex techniques should be used to stimulate the child’s meaningful understanding of speech, its meaning, and conscious pronunciation of words.

Collaborative cognition of objects

Having crossed the one-year mark, children begin to actively get acquainted with the world around them. Children's interest extends to all objects in the house. Come to the aid of your treasure, describe his every movement out loud, in simple sentences. Talk about every subject that interests him. If your son takes a spoon, tell him what he is holding, what it is for, what the object is called, do not be lazy to repeat your explanation several times so that the baby remembers.

Looking at and studying pictures

For this exercise, stock up on a variety of children's picture books. Publishers offer beautiful illustrated books of various headings. For example, the “Who Am I?” section, which talks about animals.

Picture books or flashcards help improve your child's vocabulary

While looking at the pictures, point your child to the image of a dog, ask him how it “talks”, say “woof-woof.” Studying animals and their “language” will make it easier for you to teach your baby to pronounce individual sounds. Pay more attention to the animals you meet on the street, clearly showing and talking about them. A little time will pass, and when the child sees a dog or cat on the street, he will suddenly say “meow” or “woof.”

Sound education

Indicate actions that the baby can understand with simple sounds. The child claps his hands - say "clap-clap", the baby has fallen - do not rush to pick him up and groan, say "bang, bang, boom." The game amuses young children, they accept it, they may even fall down on purpose to hear “boom or bang” again. In addition, you help your child learn that every movement can be voiced.

How to encourage a child to talk?

When learning sounds with your child, ask him to repeat what you say. For example, you say “woof-woof”, let the baby repeat after you. If he can’t accurately reproduce the sounds, don’t worry, repeat with him what he did. Your main task in this speech therapy exercise is to encourage the child to pronounce sounds. Be sure to reward the baby for any sounds, even if they are not similar to those that you offered him.

We teach how to correctly imitate the speech of adults

When organizing speech therapy classes for children 2-3 years old, follow the main rule of communication with your child: never distort words.

A child is a great imitator, he imitates cartoon characters and mom and dad. If you talk to him, distorting words, he will perceive such sounds as correct and begin to repeat them. Try to pronounce words clearly, only occasionally using diminutive or inverted forms.

The next stage is sound pronunciation. If you want to teach your child simple sounds, make activities with him or her playful. Use the following exercises:

• Dudochka. Musical instruments always arouse curiosity and interest in children; they help non-verbal children learn sounds more easily. You can buy a toy in a store or imitate playing the instrument with your fingers. Show your baby what a pipe sounds like by saying “doo-doo-doo,” then ask him to repeat the sounds.
• Driving by car. Favorite game of all children. Place your son or daughter on your lap, start the engine, and let's go. Turn the steering wheel and honk, saying “beep.” Kids really like this ride, they play with it with pleasure and quickly learn to “beep.”
• Home zoo. Collect Stuffed Toys or animal magnets in one place and arrange a tour of your home zoo, inviting your child to pronounce the sounds that this or that animal makes with you. They will help you master sounds and cartoons about animals.

How to develop phonemic awareness?

The development of phonemic awareness is necessary for children to correctly recognize phonemes native language. Phonemes are words with the same sound base - for example, “boar-can” or “sleep-nose”. The ability to recognize phonemes is given to a person from birth, but it is impossible to do without competent systematization. Speech therapy offers a lot fun games aimed at developing this ability. Let's look at some in more detail:

• Find out the instrument. Musical instruments are ideal for training phonemic awareness. If you have a drum, pipe, guitar, tambourine in your house - great. Take all the tools and hide behind the door or in another room. Play each of them in turn, asking your child to determine by ear which instrument sounded.
• Who's speaking? Prepare pictures of different animals for the exercise. Show the picture to your child and ask him to say the sound that is characteristic of the animal you have chosen.
• Repeat after me. Teaching your baby rhythm. Tap a simple rhythm and invite your child to repeat it. Gradually complicate the exercise by asking for a more complex combination of sounds. If the baby successfully completes the task, ask him to tap out his composition, and you will repeat after him.

You shouldn’t expect quick results from a baby in a year or two, but regular lessons will definitely bring a positive effect. Time will pass and your little student will learn to master sounds and speech. Games will help develop abstract thinking and memory in a child, awaken the ability to perceive phonemic hearing, and improve speech skills. Speech therapists often give similar advice to parents, pointing out their simplicity and accessibility.

How do fine motor skills affect speech development?

Fine motor skills have a significant impact on the development of speech. The principle is that when performing fine motor skills exercises, an impulse enters the brain, and the brain begins to work. At home, you can offer your baby games with ordinary objects. We offer the following home games:

• Find what's at the bottom. Take two bowls, pour beans into one, buckwheat into the other. Place a small surprise under the cereal and invite your baby to rummage through the cereal with both hands to get the gift (we recommend reading:).
• Find identical bags. Prepare 9 cloth bags, put the same material in each three: cotton wool, paper, cereal. Ask your child to identify three bags with the same contents by feeling.

• Cheerful Hedgehog. We take thick paper or cardboard, cut out a hedgehog figurine from it, and attach clothespins along the edge, which imitate needles. We invite the child to remove the clothespins and fasten them again.
• Much is not enough. The game is aimed at learning quantity. We arrange the toys into two piles, small and large. We explain to the child what a lot and a little mean.
• Coloring pages. Buy coloring books, plasticine, pencils, and drawing paper. Let the child draw often and as much as he wants, encourage his creativity, praise him. At the same time, study colors, sizes, shapes with him.

The benefits of articulation gymnastics

Speech gymnastics is a kind of speech therapy training that allows you to correctly master the pronunciation of words in your native language. Having mastery of speech, it is easier for children to express their desires and thoughts. The task of adults is to teach the child to pronounce words correctly and clearly. Naturally, at 2-3 years it is difficult to accurately determine speech problem, however, articulatory speech therapy gymnastics plays a preventative role here.

If we turn to the laws of speech therapy, we will find in them wise and useful recommendations for parents. Use the following rules for speech gymnastics with children:

1. Do exercises regularly to develop and consolidate the skills you have learned.
2. Be careful not to get carried away and turn your child away from activities. Offer 2-3 exercises for training.
3. The duration of one lesson with 2-4 year old children should not exceed 10-15 minutes.
4. It is useful to consolidate completed exercises throughout the day. Just ask your child to repeat what he has learned to make sure he remembers it.
5. Be sure to put your articulatory gymnastics classes into a game form (we recommend reading:). It is easier for kids to focus on an exciting game than on a boring lesson.

How to perform articulation gymnastics?

To train speech, special exercises have been developed that a child can master with the help of adults. Use videos to practice skills. Carry out articulation training like this:

1. We invite the child to open his mouth and freeze in this position for a few seconds. For ease of learning, we call this pose “Open and close the gate.”
2. The next lesson is called “Show the fence.” The child should close his teeth and show them to you, smiling widely.
3. “Brushing our teeth.” Ask your child to open his mouth and move his tongue over the teeth, touching the outer and inner surfaces of the teeth.
4. “Drawing with the tongue” Sticking out his tongue a little, the baby should draw with it, mentally imagining what he is drawing. A circle-ball, a Christmas tree, a road - everything that is easy to do with the tongue.

If you notice that the speech development of your treasure is clearly delayed, or during pregnancy or childbirth the baby suffered stress or injury, you suspect that the reason is a serious pathology - immediately show the baby to specialists. Remember that the active development of speech skills occurs between the ages of 1 and 3 years, when you must monitor this process and correct it in time. It will be much more difficult to make up for lost time at the age of 4-5, to the point that the baby may still have a speech defect.

Every mother wants to see her child healthy, active, and intellectually developed. And with what impatience we await the first words from our child! Alas, parents’ wishes do not always come true. And there are reasons for everything. Let's look at them in more detail.

Causes of speech disorders

Medical

1. Unfavorable course of pregnancy (threat of miscarriage, toxicosis, infection and intoxication, etc.).
2. Taking alcoholic beverages and drugs by a pregnant woman.
3. Complications during childbirth ( premature birth, asphyxia, birth injury etc.).
4. Head injuries up to three years of age.
5. Hearing impairment in a child.
6. Features of the structure of the speech apparatus.
7. Genetic (hereditary) factor.
8. Prolonged thumb or pacifier sucking.
9. Left-handedness.

Social

• Lack of interest from surrounding adults in communicating with the child. This manifests itself in an insufficient speech environment, that is, the baby rarely hears the competent, correct speech of an adult; games with the child are not accompanied by explanations. The adult takes care of the child silently, without focusing on his actions.
• Incorrect speech by adults in the child’s immediate environment. This can be either incorrect pronunciation of sounds or simple lisp. As a result, the child imitates what he hears.
• Adults' demands to pronounce the sound correctly, without showing the child the correct articulation. This may result in a distorted sound (such as a guttural "R" sound).

I would like to note that incorrect pronunciation is not inherited. Some anatomical features can be inherited, for example, the structure of teeth, inertia of the nervous system. But these violations can be corrected by specialist doctors.

Characteristics of a 3-year-old child

Let's dwell on the characteristics of the speech development of a three-year-old child.

After a child reaches this age, there is a sharp jump in development of both intellectual and speech. The peculiarity of this period is that the child becomes especially sensitive to language. He enjoys catching all the sounds around him and quickly absorbs them.

The vocabulary of a child of this age is about 1900 words. It mainly consists of nouns and verbs, but adverbs (warm, scary) and adjectives (beautiful, big) also begin to appear in speech. The baby begins to use generalizing words (animals, flowers, toys). At this age there is active use of pronouns (mine, yours). In general, this age is characterized by rapid word formation; the baby actively changes words to compose sentences.

Grammatical structure speech at the age of three years is not yet formed. There are errors in the construction of sentences (“Give me a big mitten!”). But the child is good at retelling things he knows short tales- “Ryaba Hen”, “Kolobok”. At this age, a preschooler can already support a simple dialogue.

Sound pronunciation at this age is still imperfect. There are replacements for hissing sounds (SH-S-F), sometimes they may not be pronounced at all (ball - arik). The sounds “L” and “R” are often missing, as they are the most difficult to pronounce.

When is it necessary to contact a speech therapist?

Each child is individual. Some people begin to speak early, but use two-word constructions for a long time; others begin to speak by the age of three, but in whole sentences and without any special problems with sound pronunciation. It's all about the pace general development the child, his environment, previous diseases, etc.

But there are still certain signs that parents should not ignore.

Here are some of them:

• the child shows no interest in toys, all his games are stereotypical and monotonous;
• a child after two years of age cannot cope with simple tasks, such as putting a large bead on a rope or assembling a tower of cubes;
• does not understand simple instructions, for example, bring a ball;
• if the child does not speak, and there is a history of hereditary diseases, illnesses during pregnancy, or birth injuries.

You need to contact such specialists as a neurologist, psychologist, speech therapist. They will conduct the necessary examination and, if necessary, prescribe treatment. Remember, the sooner the child receives qualified assistance, the more effective it will be. The faster the child will catch up with his peers in development.

What activities can you do with your child at home?

Every mother knows that if you properly organize your child’s activities at home, you can achieve great success in his development.

Let's look at what types of activities contribute to this:

1. Finger games. Now everyone knows that the development of motor skills affects the development of speech. It's all about the structure of the cerebral cortex, in which the areas responsible for the development of motor skills are also responsible for speech.
2. Articulation gymnastics. Where would we be without her? After all, only well-developed muscles of the articulatory apparatus contribute to the correct position of the tongue and lips during sound pronunciation.
3. Games for hearing development.
4. Memorizing poetry, reading, storytelling.

Let's look at this in more detail.

Finger games

First, let's figure out what finger gymnastics is. These are movements of the fingers and hands, which can be active or passive. The first option is suitable for infants, the second - for preschool age. Gymnastics involves the following types of activities: massage, finger games, which are combined with rhymed text (verses) and manipulation of small objects.

What are the benefits of finger gymnastics?

1. Speech development. In another way, the same hemispheres monitor the work of the fingers as the development of speech. Therefore, I improve small movements, thereby improving your speech.
2. Development of touch. It is clear that by working with his fingers, the child learns to feel the surfaces and size of different objects, thereby developing tactile sensations.
3. Development of motor skills. It is clear that the more often a child works with his fingers, the more perfect and subtle his movements are, and the better his coordination.
4. Development of a sense of rhythm and memory development. Finger games do not take place without reciting some poems or nursery rhymes, the repetition of which, in combination with rhythmic hand movements, serves to develop memory and a sense of rhythm.

Children aged three years old play with interest finger games that are supported by speech. Sometimes it is difficult for them to pronounce the text themselves, so it is enough for an adult to do it first. Do not forget to pronounce words expressively, sometimes lowering or raising your voice, making pauses. After several repetitions, the baby will remember new game and will be happy to repeat after you.

We offer several finger games for three-year-old children.

Lock

The handles must be fastened into a lock, while intertwining the fingers. Say a little rhyme and swing the resulting castle to the sides:

There is a lock on the door.

Who could open it?

They knocked (while you say the word “knocked”, you touch your palms to each other, without releasing the intertwined fingers).

Twisted it (also, without disengaging the lock, pull one handle towards you, the other away from you, changing them sequentially).

Pulled (on this word you should pull the handles in different directions, while straightening your fingers, but without completely releasing the lock).

And they opened it (having released the handles, spread them wide to the sides).

Brush

I will paint with a soft brush

A chair, a table and the cat Masha. (Connect all the fingertips of the hand and, using the movements of the fingers and wrist, swing the hand from right to left and vice versa. To the right - move the fingers apart. To the left - gently connect the fingertips.)

This little counting rhyme should not be said quickly; the movements should be in time and rhythm.

Bug

I am a cheerful May bug.

Gardens around

Over the lawns

And my name is

Zhu-zhu... (Clench your fist. Spread your index finger and little finger to the sides (“mustache”). Move the “mustache.”)

A few more exercises finger gymnastics watch in the video below.

Articulation gymnastics

Performing articulation exercises is an integral part of the work on developing correct sound pronunciation. Their benefits are obvious: they strengthen the muscles of the articulatory apparatus, make them more mobile, and help increase the volume and strength of movement.

With their help, the child develops the skills of using precise positions of the organs of articulation to correctly pronounce sounds. These exercises are simple and can be used by parents at home.

It is important that when performing articulation gymnastics certain conditions are met:

• exercises must be performed in front of a mirror so that the child can see the position of his tongue in the oral cavity. You need to ask clarifying questions: “Where is the tongue?”, “What do your lips do?”
• You should not do the exercises for too long, as the child may get tired and lose interest in the activity. 5-10 minutes will be considered optimal.
• the pace of exercise should be smooth, then gradually accelerate. It is necessary to ensure that the movements are precise, otherwise the exercises will not be beneficial.

At home, it is best to use poetry and pictures when playing games to develop articulation. This will make the lesson more vibrant and interesting. Here is an example of exercises to develop articulation.

“The kitten laps milk” - open your mouth wide and make 4-5 movements with a wide tongue, imitating the way a cat laps milk, after which you can close your mouth and relax.

“Shovel” - open your mouth wide and place a calm, soft tongue on your lower lip, holding it in this position for 3-5 seconds, after which the tongue is removed and relaxed; “Proboscis” - stretch your lips forward, imitating a kiss, and hold for 3-5 seconds in this position, then return your lips to a calm position, relax and rest; “Hamster” - with your mouth closed, puff out your cheeks and hold for 3-5 seconds in this position, then exhale and relax.

The following video offers several articulation exercises that will also help you quickly and correctly learn to pronounce sounds.

Games for hearing development

The formation of sound pronunciation directly depends on how well the child distinguishes speech sounds by ear. This property is otherwise called phonemic hearing. In order for a child to speak clearly, he needs to be able to distinguish speech sounds. He must be able to compare his speech with the speech of others and control his pronunciation.

By the age of 3-4 years, a child can already distinguish vowel sounds in the speech of others, then voiced and voiceless consonants, hard and soft, hissing. In order for hearing development to occur in accordance with the norm, you need to perform exercises with your baby to develop this ability. They include tasks for distinguishing the volume of a sound, the source of a sound, recognizing an object that makes a sound - such games are offered to young children.

Children who are 3 years old are more likely to offer tasks on finding and distinguishing sounds in words. These could be the following games: “Where is the sound?” - it is necessary to determine the location of the sound in the word (at the beginning, at the end, in the middle); “Who can come up with the most words with the sound...” - a game of coming up with words with a given sound; “Stamp if you hear a sound...” - develop the ability to hear a given sound in a word, etc.

Memorizing poetry, reading, storytelling

Many parents know that memorizing poetry for children is useful. Let's figure it out, what?

• The child's horizons broaden and his active vocabulary increases. The child begins to use not just memorized words in speech, he uses grammatical structures already familiar to him. Thus, his speech becomes more correct and rich.
• Memory develops. It has been proven that children remember rhyming structures better. The more a child remembers small quatrains, the easier it will be for him to memorize more complex works at an older age.
• The general level of human culture increases. After all, in poetry, writers reflect norms of behavior that are remembered by the child along with the rhymed lines.

We can talk endlessly about the benefits of reading. Let's formulate the main advantages of this fascinating activity: works of art teach goodness, explain why it is better than evil, introduce them to the world around them, expand their vocabulary, teach them to overcome difficulties, develop fantasy and imagination. In addition to these benefits, family reading brings mother and baby closer together and gives a positive emotional mood. Kids listen to an adult with pleasure, and it becomes even more interesting for them when what they read is supported by bright and clear illustrations.

In order for this exciting activity to benefit the baby, let's remember a few rules that parents must follow.

• The choice of book depends on the time of day, the baby’s mood and his well-being.
• Don't read scary stories at night.
• Before you start reading to your child, become familiar with the work. Evaluate whether your child will like it and what the end of the story is.
• Read expressively, not mechanically. Listen to every word.
• Read regularly, not just once in a while.

Following these simple rules, you will turn your shared time with your child into real pleasure for both of you.

Remember, the activities that you decide to conduct with your child should not look like classes at all. Everything should be done in a playful way, at those moments when the child feels good and is in high spirits. Otherwise, it may have the opposite effect, the child will withdraw or become aggressive.

The main thing is to practice systematically, and soon you will notice successes that will certainly please you and your child and provide an incentive for further achievements. Menu