Today, August 6, 2018, is also celebrated as Railway Troops Day, International Doctors of the World Day and other events.
On August 6, 2018, we remember the innocently murdered saints and brothers Gleb, Prince of Murom and Boris, Prince of Rostov. They were vilely killed in 1015.
According to legend, they were the sons of the Grand Duke of Kyiv Vladimir Svyatoslavich. After the death of the father, a struggle for the throne and land broke out between his sons. On this moment there are two versions of who exactly ordered intkbbach kill brothers. One of them claims that they died on the orders of their elder half-brother Svyatopolk the Accursed. Another says that the culprit of their death was Yaroslav the Wise, who was also their half-brother.
Because they humbly accepted martyrdom from their fellow believers, the church canonized Boris and Gleb as saints. The brothers were canonized because the miraculous power of their relics was repeatedly proven.
According to signs, if straw is harvested on this day, it means that you cannot cover houses with it, because it will either be blown away by the wind or struck by lightning.
Seagulls often land on the water - it means rain.
Railway Troops Day
Railway Troops Day in Russia and Belarus is celebrated annually on August 6. The date in the Russian Federation was established on May 31, 2006 by Presidential Decree No. 549 “On the establishment of professional holidays and memorable days in the Armed Forces Russian Federation" In 2018 it will be celebrated for the 13th time.
International Doctors of the World Day for Peace
International Doctors of the World Day for Peace is celebrated on August 6th. It was established in the mid-80s of the last century by the decision of the Executive Committee of the international movement “Physicians of the World for the Prevention of Nuclear War” (MDNW).
The idea of establishing the event arose thanks to a joint group of doctors from the USSR and the USA - the international movement “Doctors of the World against Nuclear War”, created in 1980 by separating from the organization “Doctors Without Borders”. August 6 was chosen as the date of the holiday - the day of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima in 1945.
Roman, Nikolai, Afanasy, Boris, Anatoly, David, Ivan, Gleb, Hilarion, Christina
- 1806 - The Holy Roman Empire ceased to exist
- 1851 - Military work units were created to operate the railway and guard
- 1889 - The last boxing fight without gloves was held
- 1915 - During the First World War, an event known as the "Attack of the Dead" occurred.
- 1945 - An atomic bomb was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima
- 1961 - The second space flight in history was completed by Soviet cosmonaut German Titov.
- 1991 - The first Internet server appeared
- Alexander Fleming 1881 - British scientist, Nobel laureate
- Night Shyamalan 1970 - American film director, screenwriter of Indian origin
- Tikhon Rabotnov 1904 - Soviet and Russian ecologist and geobotanist, Honored Professor of Moscow State University
- Pavel Demidov 1798 - Russian entrepreneur and philanthropist
- Yakov Kulnev 1763 - Russian commander.
The list of Russian holidays on August 6, 2018 will introduce you to state, professional, international, folk, church, unusual holidays which are celebrated in the country on this day. You can select an event of interest and learn its history, traditions and rituals.
Holidays August 6
Railway Troops Day
It is celebrated on August 6th. This is a professional holiday dedicated to the day of the appearance of military units to protect railways. This day is celebrated by military personnel, civilian personnel and veterans related to the Russian railway troops - special formations intended for the restoration, construction, and maintenance of highways. It was established by decree of Russian leader Boris Yeltsin in 1996.
history of the holiday
The history of this type of troops began in 1851. It was then that Emperor Nicholas I ordered the creation of 17 separate military work companies. The main task of the troops that appeared was to guard the two-track track connecting St. Petersburg with Moscow. Subsequently, the soldiers' responsibilities expanded; they were required to ensure the good condition of all Russian railways.
Their role was enormous during the Great Patriotic War. Railways were the main target of German aircraft and were constantly bombed. But the efforts of military railway workers made it possible to quickly restore steel lines. In total, the military restored about 120 thousand kilometers of tracks during the war. A huge number of bridges were repaired - about three thousand.
Twenty years ago, these troops had to show courage in the North Caucasus, where terrorist attacks took place on sections of roads, and soldiers quickly restored train traffic.
International Day of Doctors of the World for Peace
The whole world knows the sad date of August 6, 1945. On this day the most terrible bombing was carried out in military history humanity. The number of victims was in the tens of thousands. Nuclear bombs were dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. This is one of the most terrible tragedies. It became evidence of the practical use of nuclear weapons. The international day called "Doctors of the World for Peace" is a symbolic reminder of what happened.
history of the holiday
Every day doctors fight for people’s lives - this is their mission and daily work. Considering the date and reason for the event, it cannot be called a holiday in the literal sense. As a result of the bombing, more than 200 thousand people were injured. They were killed mercilessly. The consequences of radiation exposure are terrible, because they have had a negative impact on more than one generation.
The idea of celebrating the event originated in the 1980s. American and Soviet scientists and doctors from many countries around the world united in the fight to prevent the nuclear threat. This is a pressing question for humanity today. The program of this movement provides for a moratorium on nuclear explosions, reduction of this type of weapons up to complete elimination.
Creating an international climate of cooperation and trust is the main goal facing all humanity. In 1985, the Treaty of Rarotonga was signed. According to its provisions, the South Pacific Ocean was declared a completely nuclear-free zone.
Boris and Gleb
The blessed prince-passion-bearers Boris and Gleb are the first saints who were canonized by the Russian Church. Their feat reveals one of the amazing facets of Christianity. Boris and Gleb did not want to participate in the internecine war with their older brother Svyatopolk - they meekly accepted martyrdom and forgave their killers. We will talk about the life of the passion-bearing princes, their church veneration and folk traditions associated with their memorial day.
Who are Boris and Gleb
Princes Boris and Gleb (baptized Roman and David) are the first saints canonized by the Russian Church. There were also saints on our land before them, but they were all glorified later.
Holy noble princes-passion-bearers Boris and Gleb - younger sons Kyiv Grand Duke Vladimir Svyatoslavich (Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir). After the death of Vladimir in 1015, a fierce internecine struggle for lands and the princely throne began on Russian soil. Boris and Gleb were killed by their elder brother, Svyatopolk, popularly nicknamed the Accursed.
The story of the life and martyrdom of Boris and Gleb is described in two books, famous monuments of ancient Russian literature: “The Legend” by Jacob Chernorizets and “Reading” by Nestor the Chronicler.
Railway Troops Day.
It was first established by decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 19, 1996. Currently, it is celebrated as a memorial day of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in accordance with the decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 31, 2006 “On the establishment of professional holidays and memorable days in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.”
On August 6 (August 18, new style), 1851, Emperor Nicholas I approved the Regulations on the composition of the management of the St. Petersburg-Moscow Railway, according to which the first special military formations were created in the engineering troops to protect and operate the railway.
The railway troops played an important role in the First World War, during which they built over 4 thousand kilometers of railways and restored more than 4.6 thousand kilometers of tracks.
Currently, the Railway Troops of the RF Armed Forces are special formations intended for the restoration, construction, operation and technical cover of railways used for military transportation. The number of Railway Troops of the Russian Armed Forces is over 23 thousand military personnel, of which about 5 thousand serve under contract.
Hiroshima Day - World Day for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons.
Unofficial memorable date, dedicated to the day of the US atomic bombing of the Japanese city of Hiroshima in 1945 and to the day of the first international conference for the prohibition of nuclear weapons in Hiroshima.
The United States began preparations for the combat use of the atomic bomb in the summer of 1944. Initially, it was planned to drop 9 atomic bombs on Japanese rice fields or in the sea, but later it was decided to use the new weapon against densely populated cities.
On July 25, 1945, US President Harry Truman approved the order to bomb one of the Japanese cities: Hiroshima, Kokura, Niigata or Nagasaki.
On August 6, at 8:15 a.m., the Little Boy atomic bomb with a uranium charge, the TNT equivalent of which was about 20 thousand tons, was dropped on Hiroshima. The city was wiped off the face of the Earth. Died
about 80 thousand people, over 12 thousand were missing, 40 thousand people were injured.
On August 9, at 11:01 a.m., an American plane dropped the second atomic bomb Fat Man (“Fat Man”) with a plutonium charge on Nagasaki, the TNT equivalent of which was equal to “Baby.” More than 73 thousand people were killed or disappeared, and later another 35 thousand people died from exposure and injuries.
The total number of victims of the two tragedies is over 450 thousand people, and survivors still suffer from diseases caused by radiation exposure. According to the latest data, their number is 183 thousand 519 people.
103 years ago (1915), during the First World War, an event known as the "Attack of the Dead" took place.
This is one of the most famous episodes of the First World War. As a result of a counterattack by the 13th company of the 226th Zemlyansky regiment, defending the Osovets fortress, fifty Russian soldiers put almost seven thousand German troops to flight.
A small Russian fortress 23.5 kilometers from the border of East Prussia was of the greatest strategic importance. It defended from the Germans the crossing of the Bobra River and the transport hub of Bialystok, the capture of which opened the road to Vilna, Brest, Grodno and Minsk. Despite the small size of the fortress, it was almost impossible to get around it due to the swamps surrounding Osovets.
Since September 1914, the Germans tried to take the fortress twice, using all their latest achievements against its defenders, but Osovets did not give up.
Then the Germans decided to use poison gases to destroy the fortress garrison. They carefully prepared the gas attack, bringing in 30 gas batteries with several thousand cylinders.
On August 6 at 4 a.m., after waiting for a fair wind, the Germans began releasing a poisonous mixture onto Russian positions. The gas wave was 12-15 meters high and 8 kilometers wide.
As a result of the gas attack, more than 1,000 defenders of the fortress were killed; almost the entire garrison, including the command, received varying degrees of poisoning. No more than fifty soldiers remained alive.
14 battalions of German troops (about 7 thousand people), after the gas attack and the massive shelling that followed, began an attack on the fortress. As one of the participants in the Osovets defense recalled: “We did not have gas masks, so the gases caused terrible injuries and chemical burns. When breathing, wheezing and bloody foam escaped from the lungs. The skin on our hands and faces was blistering. The rags we wrapped around our faces did not help. However, the Russian artillery began to act, sending shell after shell towards the Prussians from the green chlorine cloud. Here the head of the 2nd defense department of Osovets Svechnikov, shaking from a terrible cough, croaked: “My friends, we must not die, like the cockroaches of the Prussians, from poisoning. Let’s show them so that they remember forever!”
Those who survived the gas attack, including the 13th company, came out to meet the German troops. It was headed by second lieutenant Vladimir Kotlinsky.
According to witnesses to that battle, Russian soldiers alone appearance(many of them were mutilated after the gas attack and shelling) plunged the German soldiers into shock and total panic. The German attack was repulsed. The feat of Russian soldiers went down in history as an act of unprecedented courage.
288 years ago (1730), Russian Empress Anna Ioannovna signed a decree on the casting of the large Assumption Bell, which later became known as the “Tsar Bell”.
In the 17th century, on the orders of Boris Godunov, foundry worker Andrei Chokhov made the first huge Kremlin bell, called the Great Assumption Bell. Unfortunately, it didn't last long. During the fire in the Kremlin, he fell and was broken. In the mid-1600s, a new, even larger bell was cast from the fragments of the Great Assumption Bell. And it did not last long either, as it cracked from a strong blow of the tongue against it. To replace the broken bell, another one was cast, but in June 1701, during a fire in the Kremlin, it fell and broke.
The execution of the decree of Empress Anna Ioannovna was entrusted to the Office of the Main Artillery and Fortification. The casting of the bell was entrusted to Ivan Motorin, who made the largest bells for Russian monasteries.
The molding and casting of the Tsar Bell was carried out in a special pit dug on Ivanovo Square. The first attempt to cast a bell in 1734 ended in failure. During the work, a fire occurred, as a result of which the shape of the bell was damaged.
The new Tsar Bell was cast on November 25, 1735. The work lasted more than 36 hours. 12 thousand 327 poods (201 tons 924 kilograms) of bell bronze were poured into the mold.
After the completion of work on the Tsar Bell, for unknown reasons, it remained in the foundry pit for a long time. There he was caught by the famous Trinity Fire, which broke out in the Kremlin in May 1737. When extinguishing the fire, water fell on the hot metal of the bell, and a piece weighing 11.5 tons broke off.
For more than a hundred years, attempts were made to remove the bell from the pit, which ended in failure. In 1836, St. Petersburg architect Auguste Montferrand developed a design for a lifting device and a special stone pedestal for installing the Tsar Bell on it. The bell was removed from the pit and, as an example of foundry art, installed on an octagonal sandstone pedestal, where it stands to this day.
27 years ago (1991) the first Internet server appeared.
The history of the World Wide Web began in 1989, when British scientist Tim Berners-Lee published his ideas about creating a worldwide computer network. A year later, he gained access to a NeXT computer, which became the first Internet server, browser and web editor. In 1991, the Berners-Lee project was finalized, and the standard for WWW pages was approved.
Today, over 3 billion people use the Internet. The first place in terms of the number of users is occupied by China, second by India and third by the USA. Russia is in sixth place.
86 years ago (1932) the first Venice Film Festival took place.
It was organized on the initiative of the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini.
The first film festival was non-competitive and took place on the terrace of the Excelsior Hotel on Lido Island. 9 countries took part in it, presenting 29 full-length and 14 short films. The film screening, which lasted until August 21, was attended by 25 thousand spectators.
Since 1934, the film festival has been held annually in August-September. The only exceptions were the war period of 1943-1945, as well as 1973-1978, when the new festival charter was being approved by the Italian Parliament.
In 1934-1942 The main award of the film festival was the Mussolini Cup, in 1947-1948. - “Grand International Prize of Venice.” Since 1949, the festival's main prize has been called the Golden Lion. For 10 years, from 1969 to 1979, the organizers of the Venice Festival returned to the original idea of a non-competitive screening of paintings and the Golden Lion was not awarded. Only individual films received awards.
This year, this oldest international film festival will be held for the 74th time.
Railway Troops Day.
It was first established by decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 19, 1996. Currently, it is celebrated as a memorial day of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in accordance with the decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 31, 2006 “On the establishment of professional holidays and memorable days in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.”
On August 6 (August 18, new style), 1851, Emperor Nicholas I approved the Regulations on the composition of the management of the St. Petersburg-Moscow Railway, according to which the first special military formations were created in the engineering troops to protect and operate the railway.
The railway troops played an important role in the First World War, during which they built over 4 thousand kilometers of railways and restored more than 4.6 thousand kilometers of tracks.
Currently, the Railway Troops of the RF Armed Forces are special formations intended for the restoration, construction, operation and technical cover of railways used for military transportation. The number of Railway Troops of the Russian Armed Forces is over 23 thousand military personnel, of which about 5 thousand serve under contract.
Hiroshima Day - World Day for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons.
An unofficial memorial date dedicated to the day of the US atomic bombing of the Japanese city of Hiroshima in 1945 and to the day of the first international conference for the prohibition of nuclear weapons in Hiroshima.
The United States began preparations for the combat use of the atomic bomb in the summer of 1944. Initially, it was planned to drop 9 atomic bombs on Japanese rice fields or in the sea, but later it was decided to use the new weapon against densely populated cities.
On August 6, at 8:15 a.m., the Little Boy atomic bomb with a uranium charge, the TNT equivalent of which was about 20 thousand tons, was dropped on Hiroshima. The city was wiped off the face of the Earth. Died
about 80 thousand people, over 12 thousand were missing, 40 thousand people were injured.
On August 9, at 11:01 a.m., an American plane dropped the second atomic bomb Fat Man (“Fat Man”) with a plutonium charge on Nagasaki, the TNT equivalent of which was equal to “Baby.” More than 73 thousand people were killed or disappeared, and later another 35 thousand people died from exposure and injuries.
The total number of victims of the two tragedies is over 450 thousand people, and survivors still suffer from diseases caused by radiation exposure. According to the latest data, their number is 183 thousand 519 people.
103 years ago (1915), during the First World War, an event known as the "Attack of the Dead" took place.
A small Russian fortress 23.5 kilometers from the border of East Prussia was of the greatest strategic importance. It defended from the Germans the crossing of the Bobra River and the transport hub of Bialystok, the capture of which opened the road to Vilna, Brest, Grodno and Minsk. Despite the small size of the fortress, it was almost impossible to get around it due to the swamps surrounding Osovets.
Since September 1914, the Germans tried to take the fortress twice, using all their latest achievements against its defenders, but Osovets did not give up.
Then the Germans decided to use poison gases to destroy the fortress garrison. They carefully prepared the gas attack, bringing in 30 gas batteries with several thousand cylinders.
On August 6 at 4 a.m., after waiting for a fair wind, the Germans began releasing a poisonous mixture onto Russian positions. The gas wave was 12-15 meters high and 8 kilometers wide.
As a result of the gas attack, more than 1,000 defenders of the fortress were killed; almost the entire garrison, including the command, received varying degrees of poisoning. No more than fifty soldiers remained alive.
14 battalions of German troops (about 7 thousand people), after the gas attack and the massive shelling that followed, began an attack on the fortress. As one of the participants in the Osovets defense recalled: “We did not have gas masks, so the gases caused terrible injuries and chemical burns. When breathing, wheezing and bloody foam escaped from the lungs. The skin on our hands and faces was blistering. The rags we wrapped around our faces did not help. However, the Russian artillery began to act, sending shell after shell towards the Prussians from the green chlorine cloud. Here the head of the 2nd defense department of Osovets Svechnikov, shaking from a terrible cough, croaked: “My friends, we must not die, like the cockroaches of the Prussians, from poisoning. Let's show them so that they remember forever!“
Those who survived the gas attack, including the 13th company, came out to meet the German troops. It was headed by second lieutenant Vladimir Kotlinsky.
According to witnesses of that battle, the Russian soldiers alone by their appearance (many of them were disfigured after a gas attack and shelling) plunged the German soldiers into shock and total panic. The German attack was repulsed. The feat of Russian soldiers went down in history as an act of unprecedented courage.
288 years ago (1730), the Russian Empress Anna Ioannovna signed a decree on the casting of the large Assumption Bell, which later received the name “Tsar Bell”.
In 1934-1942 The main award of the film festival was the Mussolini Cup, in 1947-1948. - “Grand International Prize of Venice.” Since 1949, the main prize of the festival has been called the “Golden Lion”. For 10 years, from 1969 to 1979, the organizers of the Venice Festival returned to the original idea of a non-competitive screening of films and the Golden Lion was not awarded. Only individual films received awards.
This year, this oldest international film festival will be held for the 74th time.
August 6 – Day of the Russian Railway Troops
August 6 – International Day of Doctors of the World for Peace
Events of August 6 that happened around the world, in different years
The Day of the Railway Troops of the Russian Federation is celebrated every year on August 6. It was first established by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1040 of July 19, 1996. Currently established by Decree No. 549 of July 18, 2006, Decree No. 1040 has become invalid.
It is dedicated to the day of the formation of special military formations for the protection and operation of the St. Petersburg - Moscow railway.
On August 6, 1851, Emperor Nicholas I issued the “highest approval” of the “Regulations on the composition of the management of the St. Petersburg - Moscow Railway.”
According to the “Regulations,” 14 separate military workers, two conductor and “telegraph” companies with a total number of 4,340 people were formed, which marked the beginning of the formation of the first military railway units. They were ordered to maintain the railway track in good condition and ensure the uninterrupted operation of bridge and railway crossing guard stations.
For more than a century and a half, military railway workers have selflessly and selflessly served the Fatherland. The railway troops of the Russian Federation take part in eliminating the consequences of emergencies, accidents and disasters.
On August 6, the entire planet celebrates the International Day of Doctors of the World for Peace, which is held by the decision of the Executive Committee of the International Movement of Doctors of the World for the Prevention of Nuclear War on the day of the bombing of Hiroshima.
On August 6, 1945, American aircraft bombed the Japanese city of Hiroshima, using atomic weapons for the first time in human history. About 140 thousand Japanese died in the bombing, and more than 230 thousand people died from the consequences of the use of atomic weapons. Moreover, the vast majority of those killed were civilians.
In memory of this mourning date, the organization Physicians of the World for the Prevention of Nuclear Threats has decided to celebrate the Day of Physicians of the World for Peace every August 6, the anniversary of the bombing of Hiroshima.
The organization “Doctors of the World for the Prevention of Nuclear Threats” arose in 1980 in France, spinning off from the famous international organization “Doctors Without Borders”. Since then, large branches of Doctors of the World have appeared in twelve countries, including the United States, Sweden and the Netherlands.
The Day “Doctors of the World - for Peace” is symbolic and is intended to remind people of the terrible tragedy of August 6, 1945, and also to always remind people of the inadmissibility of any war, especially nuclear war.
988 - Baptism of Rus', adoption of Christianity by Prince Vladimir of Kyiv.
1181 - The Novgorod squad founded the first Russian city on Vyatka - Nikulitsyn.
1181 - Chinese and Japanese astronomers detect a supernova explosion.
1192 - Novgorod Archbishop Gregory consecrated the temple in the name of the Transfiguration of the Lord in the Varlaamo-Khutyn Monastery
1378 - Battle of the Vozha River (Ryazan region): Prince Dmitry Ivanovich, later Donskoy, defeated the punitive expedition of Khan Mamai.
1492 - One of H. Columbus’s caravels lost its rudder already on the third day of the journey, which is why the expedition was delayed in Tenerife.
1496 - Bartolomeo Columbus founded Santo Domingo, the capital of the Dominican Republic.
1497 - John Cabot's expedition returned to Bristol after discovering Canada.
1502 - Dionysius began painting the Ferapontov Monastery.
1506 - Lithuanians win Crimean Tatars in the Battle of Kletsk
1723 - During the Persian campaign of the Russian army and navy of 1722-1723, Baku was captured by Russian troops.
1783 - Georgia came under the authority and patronage of Russia.
1790 - Writer A. Radishchev was sentenced to execution for the book “Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow.”
1806 - The end of the Holy Roman Empire after the refusal of Emperor Franz II (Franz II. Joseph Karl) from the German crown and the liquidation of the empire.
1817 - The Nizhny Novgorod Fair began to operate.
1825 - The Congress in the city of Chuquisaca (modern Sucre) declared the independence of Upper Peru, called Bolivia.
1828 - The first Royal Regatta took place in Canada, the oldest sporting competition in North America that has survived to this day.
1851 - China and Russia signed the Kulja Trade Treaty, which marked the beginning of official trade relations between these countries.
1866 - Vancouver Island is incorporated into British Columbia.
1888 - Running competitions were held in Tyarlevo (near St. Petersburg), marking the beginning of Russian athletics.
1889 - The last boxing fight without gloves was held.
1889 - The Savoy Hotel opens in London, the world's first hotel with a bath in every room.
1890 - Murderer William Kemmler became the first person to be executed by electric chair (New York).
1893 - From August 6 to 12, the third congress of the Second International was held in Zurich. Among others, decisions were made on the celebration of May 1 and the expulsion of anarchists from the organization.
1893 - The Corinth Canal opens in Greece.
1896 - Madagascar is declared a French colony.
1905 - Law on the establishment of the legislative advisory State Duma.
1914 - Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia.
1916 - Montenegro invited Serbia to unite into a federation.
1917 - The second coalition Provisional Government was formed under the chairmanship of Alexander Fedorovich Kerensky.
1926 - 19-year-old Gertrude Ederle became the first woman to swim the English Channel. She covered the distance of 56 km in 14 hours 31 minutes, improving the previous achievement of the men by 1 hour 59 minutes.
1926 - The Warner Brothers film studio presented the film “Don Juan” with the Vitafon sound system, which made it possible to synchronize the musical accompaniment with film footage.
1929 - The UK's first driving course opened in Bristol.
1932 - The first Venice Film Festival opened.
1932 - The Welland Canal was opened between Lakes Erie and Lake Ontario (North America).
1935 - Opening of the first all-Union competitions in parachuting.
1940 - Estonia was admitted to the USSR.
1940 - Arrest of Nikolai Vavilov.
1945 - American atomic bombing of the Japanese city of Hiroshima
1952 - The crash at Drovnino station, the largest railway accident in the Soviet Union at that time (109 dead and 211 injured).
1958 - The United States conducted atmospheric nuclear tests on Johnston Island.
1961 - The Vostok-2 spacecraft was launched, piloted by a citizen of the Soviet Union, pilot-cosmonaut Major German Titov.
1962 - Jamaica became independent after being a British colony for 300 years.
1965 - The Beatles' fourth album, Help!, is released in England.
1968 - The Doors' disc "Waiting For The Sun" went gold.
1969 - The Mi-12 helicopter set a world record, lifting 40,204.5 kg of payload to a height of 2,255 meters.
1970 - France conducted nuclear tests on the island of Mururoa.
1971 - The Procol Harum group gave a concert in the Canadian city of Edmonton along with the local symphony orchestra. The album, released later, became one of the best live recordings in the history of rock music.
1977 - The second and last European punk rock festival took place in Mont-de-Marsan (France).
1981 - In the United States, all striking air traffic controllers were fired after they did not comply with the president's order to return to work.
1982 - The Italian government ordered the liquidation of the country's largest private bank, Milan's Banco Ambrosiano.
1986 - Phil Katz released the PKARC archiver version 1.0 for IBM.
1991 - The nuclear submarine K-407 Novomoskovsk launched a salvo of 16 R-29RM intercontinental ballistic missiles for the first time in the world - Operation Behemoth-2.
1992 - The Russian government demanded $7.7 billion from the Baltic republics. in exchange for the withdrawal of Russian troops.
1995 - Croatian authorities announced the liquidation of the Republic of Serbian Krajina.
1996 - Chechen militants begin an assault on the city of Grozny.
1996 - NASA announced that the ALH 84001 meteorite, which broke off from Mars and fell to Earth, contained the remains of microorganisms that existed 3 billion years ago.
1997 - Microsoft announced that it would invest $150 million in Apple Computer Inc.
2002 - The computer network of the Japanese Ministry of Defense was hacked through a hacker attack.
2002 - Peace negotiations between Russia (Troitsky) and Ukraine (Karpenko) were held in Balaklava Bay.
2002 - The United States Court of Appeals rules that the media have the right to full access to and coverage of California's death penalty proceedings.
2007 - The first regiment of the fifth-generation S-400 Triumph air defense system began combat duty, protecting Moscow from threats not only from the sky, but also from space.
2008 - Military coup in Mauritania.
