Project protection

Mikhailovka MKOU Secondary School No. 3« Dymkovo toy »

Project Manager: Slepysheva G.V., teacher primary classes

Project goals:

Contribute to the aesthetic education of schoolchildren.

To cultivate respect and admiration for the artistic skills of craftsmen, to generalize knowledge about the Dymkovo toy.

Create a collection of Dymkovo toys.

Project objectives:

Carry out research and creative work independently.

Discuss the work in a group, choose the best option for presentation.

Draw up and develop stages of work on each problem.

Problematic issues:

The birthplace of the Dymkovo toy.

What is the Dymkovo toy made from?

Characteristic features of the Dymkovo toy.

Sidorov Kirill

We all have toys at home. They are made of modern materials (plastic, rubber, fur). But along with them, folk clay and wooden Toys. A miraculous transformation takes place in the hands of masters natural material into amazing creations. The places where these masters live are called centers of folk crafts. A lot of them. Today we will introduce you closer to one of them - Dymkovo clay toys

Our journey begins at the Vyatka River. Once upon a time, a settlement appeared on the forested bank of the Vyatka River - a settlement. In the mornings, the housewives would light the stoves together, and curly smoke would cheerfully rise to the sky. This is probably why they called the settlement Dymkovskaya. For a long time, potters lived in Dymkovskaya Sloboda. They made dishes from local clay, as well as pipes and whistles. They will mold them and put them in the oven so that they become strong and delight everyone for a long time. That’s why the potters’ hearths smoked.

And whistles in the shape of animals and birds were not made just for the children’s amusement. In the old days, Vyatichi greeted Yarila, the god of the sun and fertility, in the spring with the cheerful whistling of clay pipes. That spring holiday was popularly called “Whistling”.

Glazunova Kristina

What is Dymkovo famous for?
With your toy!
There is no smoky color in it,
What grayness is gray.
There's something of the rainbow in her,
From drops of dew,
There is something of joy in her,
Thundering like bass!

Dymkovo village

Smoke comes out of the pipes in a column
It’s like everything is in a haze.
Blue distances
And the village is big
They called it Dymkovo.

The history of the Dymkovo fishery and its present day still arouse interest among different categories people, both researchers, collectors, and just spectators. And each of them asks himself the question: “What is the secret of the Dymkovo toy?”

Vladislav Lizun

Bright colors, geometric patterns, visual details and White background

Do you know why? It can be assumed, that White background took the masters from the snow-covered fields. They sculpted toys most often in winter, when everything around was white and white. In those places the winter is long and there is a lot of snow. The master sits by the window, sees everything around in the snow, and he wants to make the toy as clean and white as snow. But the toys were made for the holiday, so they were painted with bright colors that stand out especially well against a white background. The Dymkovo toy delights with its splendor of forms, riot of color and cheerful imagination.

Igolkin Artyom

So we, 3rd grade students, decided to investigate what kind of clay toy this is? Can we make it?

To do this, we asked our parents to bring clay from our quarry. Of course, we students were not allowed into the quarry, but in the photographs we saw how clay was mined.

And so the work began!

First we brought large pieces of clay to class, then we put them in a container and filled them with water. It has been “ripening” with us for a long time!

Then we kneaded it. This was perhaps the most difficult work. We again set it to ripen for several days.

While the clay was being prepared, we did not sit idle. We had to work a lot and re-read books. We went to the school library to see our beloved Valentina Mikhailovna Kryukova. She told us a lot of interesting things about Dymkovo toys, and then came to us and Classroom hour. She told me what other toys there are...

Finally, the clay matured and became soft, like plasticine - the work began to boil………

Marina Zubkova

We rolled the finished clay into balls and started trying.

The ladies were better, but with animals and birds it was a bit difficult.

Finished works We set it to dry closer to a warm place. Once the toys are dry. we started to “whiten” them acrylic paint, then dry again. And only after they had dried, the most interesting work began - painting the toys.

Galina Valentinovna, our class teacher, told us about the elements of Dymkovo patterns and their color scheme. She showed us many photographs, tables, slides of Dymkovo toys.

C
Ykunkova Alena

Circles, squares, stripes -
A seemingly simple pattern
But I can’t look away.

Look how good she is
This girl is a soul
Scarlet cheeks are burning,
Amazing outfit.

Clay horses are racing
On stands as best we can.
And you can’t hold on to your tail,
If you missed the mane.

And so our toys lit up and finally became beloved. And you really can’t look at them enough. My soul becomes joyful and festive! And I can’t believe that all this is made of clay.

No wonder people say:

“A craftsman and a craftsman brings joy to himself and other people”

Dymkovo clay toy is one of the most striking and original folk crafts of the Vyatka region. For four centuries, Dymkovo toys reflected the life and lifestyle of many generations of craftsmen.

So interesting and exciting research work we did it in our class, and look what the result was.

Municipal budget preschool educational institution Kindergarten No. 12 “Alyonushka” from the East.

Project activities in the senior group.

Topic: “Dymkovo toy.”

Conducted by: Educator:

Sautchenkova. O.N.

With. East.

2017

“Let the child feel the beauty

and admires her, even if in his heart

Images will remain in memory forever,

in which the Motherland is embodied"

(V. A. Sukhomlinsky)

Subject: Dymkovo toy.

Project type: research, creative.

Project duration: short.

Project participants: children of senior preschool age, teachers, parents of pupils.

Target: develop design and research activities in children, develop interest in Russian folk crafts using the example of the Dymkovo toy.

Tasks:

introduce historythe origin and expressive means of the Dymkovo toy (color, content, alternation, symmetry and asymmetry in the pattern);

develop sensory sensitivity (perception of color, shape, texture), fine motor skills, creative abilities of preschool children,

skills to act collectively;

to cultivate aesthetic taste, interest in the study of folk crafts, love and respect for the work of folk craftsmen;

Relevance of the problem:

introducing a child to his native culture should become an integral part of raising a child. National toys are objects that awaken a child’s soul for the first time, cultivating in him a sense of beauty and curiosity. IN kindergarten With early age kids get to know these folk toys like pyramids, nesting dolls, inserts, gurneys, rocking chairs, fun toys. IN preschool age Children begin to get acquainted with the arts and crafts of Khokhloma, Gorodets, Dymkovo, Kargopol, Filimonov toys. The children are introduced to oral folk art, folk games and round dances. From age to age, the tasks of listening and reproducing folklore and perceiving the brightness of color images of folk and applied art become more complicated.

However, it is no secret that children’s ideas about Russian culture are fragmentary and superficial. Nowadays, little attention is paid to introducing children to various types of decorative and applied arts, and folk traditions. The conditions for introducing children to folk art using, for example, the Dymkovo folk toy are not sufficiently formed. In our village there are fewer opportunities to really introduce children to folk culture. Since there is no variety of exhibitions of folk applied art, there are no museums of Russian architecture, local history exhibitions, etc. Therefore, I decided that in order to increase the emotional state of children, cognitive activity, as well as creativity, it is necessary to carry out work to introduce preschoolers and their parents to folk arts and crafts. After all, decorative drawing classes can teach children to perceive the beautiful and the good, and teach them to admire beauty.

Project implementation mechanism:

Forms of work with preschoolers:

conversations about Dymkovo toys, about the features of the pattern, composition, color combination

examination of painting elements

drawing the main elements of Dymkovo painting in order of complexity

classes

educational stories from the teacher

slide view

didactic games

reading and memorizing poems and riddles about Dymkovo toys

coloring of flat silhouettes of Dymkovo toys

viewing illustrations, etc.

Interaction with parents:

consultation for parents “The influence of folk crafts “Dymka” on the aesthetic education of preschool children”

production of a folding folder “Dymkovo toy”.

Activities of the teacher:

selection of literature about folk crafts "Dymka"

illustrations of Dymkovo products

production of planar silhouettes of Dymkovo toys

creation of a mini-museum “Dymkovo Toy”

Product project activities:

multimedia presentation “Dymkovo Toy”;

literary and artistic material: poems about Dymkovo toys; historical information;

mini-museum “Dymkovo Toy”.

Project resource support:

information resources (scientific and pedagogical literature on this issue);

material and technical resources (multimedia equipment, didactic and developmental aids, games, books, photographs);

personnel (preschool teachers, parents).

Timing and stages of project implementation:

The project is carried out in several stages:

Organizational and preparatory.

Main (direct implementation stage).

Final (effective, reflective).

Organizational and preparatory:

Identification of the problem and topic of the project, definition of the goal and main tasks;

Selection fiction, illustrations, visual aids, musical accompaniment;

Development of notes on direct educational activities, conversation scripts;

Drawing up a project implementation plan;

Design of the mobile folder “Dymkovo Toy”;

Creation of the presentation “Dymkovo toy”.

Basic:

familiarization with the history of the fishery;

Familiarization with the features of painting Dymkovo toys;

Making ornaments;

Painting paper silhouettes of toys.

Final:

Generalization of the results of the work;

Design of the mini-museum “Dymkovo Toy”.

Expected results:

children are active, inquisitive, interested in the emergence of Russian folk crafts;

highlight the characteristic means of expressiveness of the Dymkovo toy: elements of the pattern, color, combination of colors, composition of color spots, symmetry and asymmetry in the pattern, etc.;

sculpt products using a variety of methods and techniques;

independently and creatively apply the skills acquired in classes in independent artistic activities.

Project conclusion: As a result of comprehensive work to introduce children to decorative and applied arts, they developed a desire to learn more about the work of Russian masters.

Acquaintance with the works of folk artists and the history of crafts develops in children respect and love for the Motherland and the history of their people.

Folk art contributes to the development of moral, patriotic and aesthetic education, develops children's creative abilities.

Without children's knowledge folk culture full moral and patriotic education child.

Everyone needs beauty, but most of all, children need it.

Folk art, cheerful in color, lively and dynamic in design, captivates and enchants children and meets their aesthetic feelings.

Informational resources

Knyazeva O. A., Makhaneva M. D. Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture. – St. Petersburg. : Aksident, 1997.

V.V. Gavrilova, L.A. Artemyeva. Decorative drawing with children 5-7 years old. – Volgograd: Teacher, 2011.

Vershinina N. Gorbova O. Acquaintance with the features of decorative and applied art in the process didactic games. //Preschool education. 2004 №6.

Skorolupova O. A. Acquaintance of children of senior preschool age with Russian folk arts and crafts. – M.: Scriptorium, 2006.

Alexandra Ershova

Short-term project for children in the preparatory group

« Dymkovo toy»

GBOU secondary school No. 1159

Participants: pupils groups, teacher.

View project: creative.

Duration: short.

Problem: identification and assimilation by children characteristic features modeling and painting Dymkovo toys.

Relevance: participation children in the project will help to maximally enrich and generalize their knowledge and ideas about Dymkovo toy.

Target: view expansion children about Russian folk arts and crafts.

Tasks: learn children highlight elements of folk art;

develop their creative abilities, perception of aesthetic attitude towards folk art;

cultivate a conscious moral attitude towards the world around us.

Integration educational areas in implementation project: cognitive development(familiarization with the surrounding world, artistic and aesthetic development (drawing, modeling).

Equipment: clay, synthetic brushes, stacks, pencil, eraser, water container, wet and dry wipes, sponge, wooden board, gouache, illustrations and yourself Dymkovo toys.

Stages project:

I. Preparatory, theoretical. Origin story Dymkovo toys.

II. Practical stage.

1. Drawing Dymkovo toys.

2. Clay modeling Dymkovo toys.

3. Painting Dymkovo toys.

Preliminary work:

1. Search work to select illustrative material according to topic: « Dymkovo toy» .

2. Reading fairy tales on the theme of crafts. P. P. Bazhov "Stone Flower".

Expected result:

Ability to distinguish Dymkovo toy from other toys,

Knowledge of the topic and the ability to talk about the origin Dymkovo toys,

Creation of a final album reflecting the step-by-step practical part of the work on project.

Presentation project: final event, presented by a teacher and 1-2 children from groups.

Stage I. Origin story Dymkovo toys.

Educator: In Rus' one of the most beautiful clay toys was a Dymkovo toy. This craft began to be practiced a very long time ago. Guys, what do you think craft is? And what kinds of crafts are there?

Answers children.

Educator: That's right guys. This is work that people do with their own hands. And these people are called artisans. Craftsmen have always, at all times, been very respected and valued in Rus'.

Let's try to list what crafts you know, and I will help you.

blacksmithing - blacksmiths - craftsmen involved in metal processing (visual aid, describing the work); Suggested answers follow children:

pottery - potters are people who make pottery;

carpentry – carpenters are people who work with wood, turn and make wood products;

tailoring - tailors cut and sew clothes from fabric.

Educator: Well done boys.

And there were also masters who made from clay toys. One of these toys - this is a Dymkovo toy. This toy appeared more than 400 years ago. She appeared in the suburbs Dymkovo near the city of Vyatka. What an unusual word "sloboda", really, guys? Previously they called it a settlement, but now they call it a village or village. A long time ago in this city they celebrated the holiday "Whistling". It was a day off, all the people were resting. There was always a fair, and they took a trained bear around the city. Everyone was having fun, and people brought whistles to this celebration. So it happened that they do it in Vyatka whistling toys. They sculpt these clay toys. The figures may be different: these are cockerels, and turkeys, and ladies, nannies, horsemen.

Look at the pattern guys. What do you see?

Children: cells, circles, dots, spots, wavy stripes.

Educator: That's right guys, the pattern is very simple. Look guys, what bright colors these are painted in! toys.

Count how many colors you see on this toy.

Children: ten colors.

Educator: that's right, guys, because of this the toys turn out bright, colorful and even variegated.

They are still made by hand. How many of you know what this means - manually?

Answers children.

Educator: correct, when each product, in in this case- every toy, they do it with their own hands, and not using a machine at the factory. The toys are different, not similar to one another. This is their value. Another uniqueness of this amazing toys is that each product is always the work of one master, from the sculpting process to the painting. You, as Vyatka masters, too you will make a toy from start to finish: and sculpt and paint it.

To load children in everyday life, customs, color of that time, to introduce the activities of ordinary people, the crafts in which they were engaged, the teacher turns to the fairy tale “Mistress of the Copper Mountain”.

Educator: And now, guys, we will discuss the fairy tale by P. P. Bazhov "Mistress of Copper Mountain".

Reading excerpts from a fairy tale "Stone Flower" P. P. Bazhova. It is not advisable to read the entire tale, as it will take a lot of time. Therefore, the teacher first gave homework for parents to read this fairy tale to their children at home.

Discussion of the read work.

Educator: Well done guys, our lesson has come to an end.

What did we talk about today? What new things have you learned?

Answers children.

Stage II. Practical.

1. Drawing and coloring Dymkovo toys on paper and

discussion of drawings.

conclusions: 1. For painting Dymkovo toys extensive color range is used gamma: red, yellow, blue, green and scarlet colors.

2. The decoration of the painting itself is mainly geometric character: cells, stripes, circles, dots, straight and wavy lines are used in a variety of combinations.

3. Various plant attributes are also used in painting - sprouts, grains, leaves, berries, flowers.

2. Listening to an audio tale by P. P. Bazhov "Malachite Box" (Done in the afternoon or before naptime).

3. Modeling Dymkovo clay toys.

conclusions: 1. Clay should be stored moist, and the longer it sits, the better its quality.

2. The fatter the clay, the easier it is to sculpt.

3. First, separate parts of the created figures are sculpted, then these parts are assembled and the whole figure is “finished” using liquid clay as a binding material. The molding marks are smoothed out.

4. Painting and discussion of the results toys.

Comparison toys with drawings.

5. Making an album (by one child, showing the main stages project.

At this stage, 1-2 children can take part, who will subsequently defend their project.

III. The final stage. Presentation project.

Informative - creative project for children middle group"The World of Dymkovo Toys"

Project type: cognitive - creative.
Project duration: mid-term (October-January).
Project participants: teacher, parents, middle group children.

Target: Introduce children to the Dymkovo toy, the history of this craft, and the elements of painting.

Tasks:
- Introduce Dymkovo toys and elements of Dymkovo painting.
- Develop artistic taste as a result of making crafts.
- Develop children's curiosity, creativity, cognitive activity, communication skills.
- Learn to create images based on Dymkovo painting.
- Develop hand motor skills.
- To cultivate a love for folk arts and crafts, for folk
creativity.

Project implementation stages:

Stage II – practical.
- Create a center for folk decorative and applied arts in the group, replenish it with material (illustrations, ready-made toys, an album of sketches).
- Involve parents in the selection of illustrative and photographic material on the topic of the project to create an album.
- Involve parents in the selection of encyclopedic and fiction literature for children on the topic: “Dymkovo toy.”
- Organize direct educational activities with children:
1. GCD for formation complete picture world on the topic: “The history of the Dymkovo toy.”
2. GCD on decorative drawing on the topic: “Decorative drawing based on Dymkovo painting.”
3. GCD for modeling based on Dymkovo toys “Horse”.
4. GCD on decorative drawing on the topic: “Painting Dymkovo toys.”
-Coloring with pencils according to the proposed sample (coloring pages).
-Conversations with children and joint conversations with children and their parents on the topic of the project.
-Educational games.
1. “Dymkovo Lotto”.
2. “Find the same pattern.”
3. “Assemble a pattern.”
4. “Put the whole thing together.”
Final.
- Exhibition of drawings on the topic, crafts.
-Preparing consultations for parents “The role of folk toys in the upbringing of preschoolers”
-Organization and holding of the exhibition family work « Fun Fair».

The history of the creation of the Dymkovo toy
This craft originates from Dymkovskaya Sloboda, which is now part of the city of Kirov (formerly Vyatka).
There is an interesting legend associated with the creation of the Dymkovo toy. According to it, one day, many centuries ago, two friendly troops met near the walls of the city, but because it was dark, they decided that they were facing an enemy and a battle began. Many soldiers died in the battle, and it is believed that their evil spirits still fly over the battlefield to this day. And after this tragic event, it was customary to celebrate a funeral feast every year in the spring.
Gradually, this incident was forgotten, and instead of the funeral feast, folk festivities appeared, which were called “pandemonium”. On this day, women sculpted various figures and balls from clay, which they painted beautifully and carefully. They whistled merrily at the figurines, and it was customary to throw colored balls, with peas inside, at each other, which created additional noise.
Of course, not only the tragic incident contributed to the formation of the holiday and the creation of the Dymkovo toy. It was also important that near Dymkovskaya Sloboda there were deposits of clay that could be used in ceramics. A special method of modeling and original painting made Dymkovo toys in demand not only in Kirov, but also far beyond its borders.
Features of the Dymkovo toy
A characteristic feature of the Dymkovo toy, which distinguishes it from other figurines and figurines, is that they could all whistle, crackle, rumble and make other noise. This feature is due to the fact that evil spirits do not like noise, and the toy is designed to disperse these spirits. In the spring, with the beginning of agricultural work, their presence was not at all necessary. It was believed that they appeared in the fields in winter and one of the ways to combat them was spring holidays, which were distinguished by noisy fun. The task of the Dymkovo toy was to drive out spirits with the help of whistling and roaring.
Thus, first of all, the figures had to make noise and whistle. Currently, this is not a necessary attribute of the Dymkovo toy, however, the methods of its manufacture and painting have remained the same.
The process of making a Dymkovo toy

The entire journey of creating a unique and inimitable Dymkovo toy is akin to magic and is divided into several stages. The main ones are:
modeling,
drying,
burning,
whitewash,
painting.

How to sculpt a Dymkovo toy
The sculpting process is carried out manually and therefore no two Dymkovo toys are identical, each of them is unique and contains a piece of the soul of the master who made it.
To create the craft, bright red clay mixed with fine river sand is used. The toy is created in parts, and then all the parts are fastened together using liquid red clay, and the joints are smoothed with a wet rag for a smoother transition.
Modeling can be divided into several stages:
1. Create the foundation.
2. Making appendages.
3. Connection of appendages with the body.
4. Adding decorations.
The basis for sculpting a Dymkovo toy is the body. First, a ball is rolled out of a piece of clay. Then the desired body shape is pulled out of this ball, and the smoother this process is, the more correct and beautiful the shape is.
The appendages are also made from a clay ball, but of a smaller size. By appendages we mean limbs, head, neck, etc. They are attached to the body, and the joints are held together with clay and water to make the transition smoother.
As decorations, you can create balls, rings, grooves, sausages from clay, and then attach them to the figurine.
For example, to make a young lady, you first need to fashion a cone-shaped skirt. Then, a body with an elongated neck is attached to it. The next step is to attach the head and arms, after which it is time to dress the young lady in beautiful scarf, put a hat on your head and place a pet or child in your hands.
Male figures are sculpted a little differently. The torso and heads are attached to the legs, which are two thick sausages, the lower parts of which are bent to form the legs. Hats and hair also differ from female images.
The body of the animal resembles a cone in structure, to the sharp part of which the head and neck are attached. The limbs are usually large, slightly tapering downward. The tail and horns are attached to the body last.
An interesting point is that all Dymkovo toys are made to expand downward. For example, ladies always fluffy dresses, gentlemen most often sit on a horse, and the animals have short legs. This is due to the fact that the fragile bottom may not be able to withstand the weight of the entire toy after the drying process.

Poems about the Dymkovo toy.

Yes, toys are not simple,
And the magically painted ones:
Snow-white, like birch trees,
Circles, squares, stripes -
A seemingly simple pattern
But I can’t look away.
And the glory comes about the haze -
You've earned this right!
They talk about her everywhere.
What a miracle this is!

Watercarrier.
Behind the icy water
Waterbearer - young lady
Like a swan floats.
He carries red buckets
Slowly on the yoke
Look how good she is
This girl is beautiful
Tight black braid,
Scarlet cheeks are burning
Amazing outfit:
The kokoshnik sits proudly,
How a swan floats
Sings a quiet song.
Turkey.
Here is a smart turkey,
He's all so good
At the big turkey
All sides are painted.
Surprised everyone with the outfit
He spread his wings importantly.
Look, bushy tail
He is not at all simple -
Just like a sunny flower
And the tall comb
Burning with red paint,
Like a king's crown.
Nanny.
The nanny is wearing a kokoshnik,
In Vanya's arms.
Vanya is both good and handsome,
Don't forget the nanny when you grow up.
Cockerel
Cockerel, cockerel,
Golden comb.
Give me your voice
Through a dark forest.
Through the forest, across the river
Shout: “Ku-ka-re-ku!”
***
Indian-turkey, you look like a chest.
The chest is not simple:
Red, white, gold.
Steep sides, golden horns,
Hooves with frill,
And on the back is Egorka.
On a summer day, a fine day
Balalaika rattle and rattle.
-You play, my Vanechka, -
Tanya asks for a friend.
Umbrella with a fungus, hands with a pretzel,
A beautiful girl walks along the street.
Lamb - whistle
The left horn is a curl,
The right horn is a curl,
There is a flower on the chest
Through the mountain spurs,
Over the rooftops of villages
Red-horned, yellow-horned
A clay deer rushes.
Clay horses are racing
On stands as best we can,
And you can’t hold on to your tail,
If you missed the mane.

Proverbs and sayings about work.
Grow up quickly and get to work in time.
You can’t even take a fish out of a pond without difficulty.
He who loves to work cannot sit idle.
It's a long day until the evening, if there's nothing to do.
The bee is small, and even that one... (works).
Patience and work will grind everything down.
Labor feeds a person, but laziness spoils him.
The sun paints the earth, and man's labor.
Skillful hands do not know boredom.
Finished the job, go for a walk safely.
The master's work is afraid.

What is Dymkovo famous for?

With your toy!

There is no smoky color in it,

And there is the love of people.

There is something of the rainbow in her,

From drops of dew.

There is something about joy in her,

Thundering like bass.

(V. Fofanov)

The folk toy has brought to us centuries-old artistic experience, through contact with which the child enriches and enhances the plastic, graphic and color expressiveness of his drawings and the results of modeling and other activities. The figurative structure of the toy, despite its depth and complexity, is open to the child’s perception, and therefore can be a good start in developing perception skills in general, which are necessary later when encountering professional art. Using objects of applied art, it is easier to teach children to look, examine, choose, empathize, respond emotionally to works of art, and find figurative words and expressions to convey their own attitude towards objects. Why was preference given to the Dymkovo clay toy when organizing the project? Due to the fact that the secret of a clay toy lies in the energetically warm and “strong” material - clay, given to us by nature itself. It was assumed that the children themselves would sculpt the toy, and the process of plastic shaping is of great importance for the general and artistic development child:

• Enriches sensory experience preschoolers;
• Harmonizes the work of the two hemispheres of the brain, coordinates the work of both hands, activates the development of fine motor skills;
• Develops confidence in one’s abilities and a sense of one’s skill and significance (“I can” as a productive basis for the “I - concept”);
• It influences the development of speech and provides a meaningful basis for the development of a child’s communication with adults and children of different ages.

Why did I choose the Dymkovo toy? Due to its enormous potential for both children and adults. This is expressed in the plastic completeness of the image (several skillful movements - and now a figure emerges from a lump of soft clay), beauty manual labor, lively bright sonority of painted folk sculpture. These toys are especially diverse in theme, compositional options, multi-colored, the most advanced and technically sophisticated. The generality and completeness of the image, its plasticity, and the absence of small details ensure the accessibility of this type of art for preschoolers. It was also important for me that the Dymkovo toy personifies the traits of the folk (Vyatka) character: perseverance, love of life, openness, thoroughness. These toys create an atmosphere of joy, warmth and kindness. Almost any figure fits easily into a child’s palm, and the child immediately has a desire to play with it.

Thus, the main project goals become:

1. To interest children in the history of the Dymkovo fishery.
2. To form in children an idea of ​​​​a folk toy, to instill a love for it.
3. Expand children's horizons through educational and artistic activities.

Based on the goals set, the project objectives were determined:

1. Expand children's understanding of the Dymkovo toy.
2. Introduce children to the history of the emergence of the Dymkovo fishery.
3. To form children’s cognitive interests (familiarity with clay and its properties).
4. To develop the artistic abilities of children, to cultivate aesthetic perception through familiarization with Dymkovo painting.
5. Continue to introduce children to oral folk art.

Project participants : children of the middle group, parents of students, group teachers.

Project implementation timeframe : February - May.

Project product: exhibition of children's works "Dymkovo Toy".

Rproject implementation included four stages.

First stage of the project provided for determining the level of formation of preschool children's ideas about folk toys, the level of children's familiarity with oral folk art.

Second phase - project development. At the second stage, the importance of this problem was conveyed to the project participants. Methodological, educational and artistic literature, illustrative material on this topic were also selected. A variety of Dymkovo toys and attributes for play activity children. Material was selected for visual and productive activity children. An action plan was also drawn up.

Third stage - project implementation. This stage was built on the basis of the integration of educational areas: “ Artistic creativity”, “Cognition”, “Socialization”, “Health”, “Communication”, “Work”, “Reading fiction”, “Music”. Educational activities carried out by the teacher during regime moments and in the process of organizing various types children's activities. When implementing the project, the following forms and methods of working with children were used:

Game activity:

1. Story games: “Shop”.
2. Didactic games: “Find the same pattern” (development of visual attention, memory, thinking, learning to look at patterns and describe them); Cut-out pictures on the theme “Dymkovo patterns” (teaching children to assemble pictures from 4-6 parts, developing aesthetic perception).
3. Games - dramatization using Dymkovo toys.

Productive activities:

Children's fine arts in many ways similar to what we see in folk art. Modeling from clay, salt dough, and plasticine becomes available already at an early preschool age, as well as drawing with paints and pencils. In these visual arts activities, the child follows the path of mastering shape and color. The Dymkovo toy can be used as a tool for telling fairy tales, for observation, and examination. It is clean, subtle, the form is given correctly, the colors are expressive. Observing these toys will make it easier for children to master form in clay and drawing. Along with clay, the children tried to sculpt Dymkovo toys from salt dough, painted them with gouache paints and presented them to children visiting junior groups kindergarten.

Drawing:

1. Decorative drawing “Decoration of a handkerchief”;
2. Decorative drawing “Decorate your toys”;
3. “Painting feathers for the tail of a fairytale bird”;
4. “Adorn the skirt of the Dymkovo young lady”;
5. "Dymkovo horse"
6. Decorative drawing “Travel to Dymkovo”;
7. "Dymkovo patterns".

1. “Clay toys that children would love to play with”;
2. "Cockerel";
3. "Duck with ducklings";
4. "Kid";
5. "Ram - golden horns";
6. Plasticineography “Dymkovo dog”;
7. Modeling from salt dough: “Bird”, “Fish”.

Communication activities:

The child learns native language, first of all, imitating the lively conversational speech of others. The treasury of the richest Russian language opens up before him in brilliant works of oral folk art. His perfect examples - proverbs, riddles, fairy tales - he not only hears, but repeats and assimilates them. The Russian language has developed a number of figurative expressions that are close and accessible to children; they are born in living colloquial speech, penetrate from fairy tales, songs, sayings, are separated from them, and become independent. For example: black horse, brown cow, scarlet color, poppy color, red sun, clear stars, bright moon, grass - ant and many other words and expressions are associated with national images, with phenomena of native nature.

1. Acquaintance with oral folk art (songs, nursery rhymes, poems, fables, proverbs, sayings, jokes, riddles).
2. Use of fiction (reading Russian folk tales).
3. Compiling stories from personal experience children "My favorite toy."
4. Acquaintance with the history of the emergence of the Dymkovka fishery.

Experimental - search activity:

1. Examination of Dymkovo toys, comparing them with other folk toys (Filimonovsky);
2. Experimental study of the properties of art material (clay).

Formation healthy image life:

Children's life has its own traditions. One of them, the most enduring, is the borrowing of games by children from each other, the younger generation from the older. Such games include: “Geese - Swans”, “Kite and Chickens”, etc. Who invented these games? When did they arise? This question can be answered: they were created by the people just like songs and fairy tales. For this reason they are called folk and are passed on from generation to generation. As educational practice shows, the traditional content of many folk games still satisfies the interests of children and answers their life questions. We can safely say that folk games influence the education of the mind, character, will, develop moral feelings, and physically strengthen the child.

Folk games:

1. “By the bear in the forest”;
2. "Swan geese";
3. "The Kite and the Chickens."

Round dance games:

1. "Loaf".

Song creativity:

The richness of songs of the Russian people is great. Folk song is included as the basis of Russian musical culture into a child's life. Truthfulness, poetry, richness of melodies, variety of rhythm, clarity and simplicity of form are characteristic features of Russian folk songwriting. Along with the musical merits of Russian folk songs and music, they also contain those purely national features that develop the child’s character and feelings. The song reflects the breadth of Russian nature, its scope, gentleness and sincerity.

Russian folk songs:

1. "Cockerel";
2. "Cuckoo".

Forms and methods of working with parents:

1. Conversation about the purpose of Dymkovo toys.
2. Master classes for parents (features of modeling Dymkovo toys from salt dough).
3. Filling out the album “My Favorite Dymkovo Toys” together with the children.

Fourth stage - presentation of the project. At this stage, exhibitions of children's works are organized:

1. Exhibition of children's drawings.
2. Exhibition of crafts made from salt dough.

The results of the project show that children enjoy the Dymkovo toy, its brightness, expressiveness and simplicity of form, and most of all the opportunity to create this image themselves. The pleasure obtained in productive activities is combined with the development of the child’s aesthetic taste, creative abilities, artistic skills and abilities. Benefit and beauty, vividly and figuratively expressed in the objects of folk craftsmen, become close and understandable to children's perception. And for us, educators and parents, children's drawings and crafts bring true aesthetic pleasure.

In conclusion, I would like to say that folk and decorative arts are an integral part of the educational process in kindergarten. Children see the wealth of imagination of the people, their skill, love of life, talent and hard work. This contributes not only to their aesthetic, but also moral education. Children learn about the world and are socialized in society.